First Global Age: Europe to Asia

1
First Global Age Europe to Asia

• Essential Questions
• What new global patterns resulted from the
  European age of exploration?
• How did the peoples of India, China and Japan
  react to western contact and trade?

2
The World at the Time
3
What made Europeans explore?

• Money
• Land
• Religion
• Knowledge
• Fame
• Technology
• Goods

4
Setting the stage

• After the Renaissance, many people in Europe had
  more wealth, Art and other luxuries.
• To support Absolute Monarchs, they needed more
  money.

5
Technology that helped start exploration
Better Maps made by a cartographer
Hartman Astrolabe(1532)
Mariners Compass
Sextant
6

• Saw how much wealth the Middle East was making on
  Europe. (trade)
• Silk Road
• Desire to bypass the Middle East.

7
Portugal and exploration

• First country to invest a lot in exploring.
• Under Absolutist rule, Portugal became very
  wealthy.
• Portugal began exploring and settling in Africa.
• Bartholomew Dias rounds the African Cape of Good
  Hope.

8
European footholds

• Vasco de Gama opened the door for European
  domination.
• Rounded Cape of good Hope on 11/22/1497
• Reached India in 1498
• Alfonso Albuquerque of Portugal
• Setting outposts
• Conquest of the edges of India

9
Lets Discuss

• What is the scenario that Europeans see when they
  finally reach Southern Asia?
• Consider who is ruling, what goods are available
  and the social structure.
• Also, think about the military might of Europeans
  vs. South Asia

10
People of South Asia

• Religion- Hinduism and Buddhism
• Social structure was matrilineal in many cases
• Society was very different than the Europeans
• Goods- spices (pepper, ginger, nutmeg, etc.),
  silks, textiles, pottery
• Military?

11
Angkor Wat temple
12

• Dutch Explorations and trade
• Dutch East and West India Companies
• These were early joint stock companies
• Caravel

13
European footholds cont.

• British take India
• India had been ruled by the Mughals
• Robert Clive- conquered the colony
• British East India trading company
• British defeat French and Portugese

14
European footholds cont.

• Spain in the East.
• Seizure of the Philippines in 1521 by Magellan.
• Spain becomes a power not only in the east, but
  also in the west
• Circumnavigation

15
Ming Dynasty

• Controlled China from 1368-1644
• Zheng He (1405-1433) controlled SE Asian trade.
• Early trading with the Dutch and British, until
  the overthrow of the Ming puts the Qing in
  control
• Europeans utilize established trade routes
• What do the Chinese have that the west wants?

16
yages

• In 1498, Da Gama reached Calcutta, Chinas
  favorite port!

17
Japan

• Japan-open to trade at first
• Japan adopts guns, castles and many convert to
  Christianity
• Then, Tokugawa Shogun gains power
• Isolationist who expels all Europeans and
  Christians to protect the Japanese

18
loration
19
First Global Age Europe, the Americas and Africa

• Essential Questions
• What were the motivations for European
  explorations of Africa and the Americas and how
  did they impact the cultures they met?
• Is there a correlation to the spread of
  Christianity and the exploration period?

20
Christopher Columbus Voyages
21
The World during Exploration
22
Spain versus Portugal

• Both got an early start on America
• Both claimed right to America
• Needed an intermediary to settle the conflict
• Catholic Church?
• Treaty of Tordesillas

23
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
24
loration
25
Conquest 1 Cortez vs. Aztecs

• Cortez was ordained by the Queen of Spain to
  explore the Americas.
• What did the Spanish want? (think of Absolutism)
• What did Cortez find?
• Turn to page 386-387

26
(No Transcript)
27
Cortez vs. Montezuma
vs.
28
Spanish and Aztecs
29
Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
30

• Read The Fall of Technoctitlan

31
Conquest 2 Pissarro vs. Atahualpa
vs.
32
Pissarro vs. Atahualpa

• Atahualpa was leader of the Incas
• Present day Peru and Chile
• Capital at Cuzco
• Pissarro was a Conquistador
• Spanish conqueror over the natives
• Held Atahualpa captive for a ransom
• Kills Atahualpa after he gets the gold

33
Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New
World

• Encomienda or forced labor.
• Council of the Indies.
• Viceroy.
• New Spain and Peru.

34
(No Transcript)
35
The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission
36
Society in Central and South America

• Rigid social structure based on your
  race/ethnicity.
• New culture emerged- a blending of Spanish/
  Portuguese culture and that of the Natives.

37
Spanish-American Social Structure
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native American
Black Slaves
38
Mountains of Silver
39
The Columbian Exchange
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin TOBACCO Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
SLAVES COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
40
Settlement in North America

• Englands 13 Colonies
• Two starting places
• Jamestown (1606)
• Plymouth (1620)
• Mayflower Compact
• Purpose Permanent settlement
• Stayed along the shore

41
Mayflower Compact

• "In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are
  underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread
  Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God,
  of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of
  the Faith, e. Having undertaken for the Glory of
  God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and
  the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to
  plant the first colony in the northern parts of
  Virginia do by these presents, solemnly and
  mutually in the Presence of God and one of
  another, covenant and combine ourselves together
  into a civil Body Politick, for our better
  Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the
  Ends aforesaid And by Virtue hereof to enact,
  constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws,
  Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from
  time to time, as shall be thought most meet and
  convenient for the General good of the Colony
  unto which we promise all due submission and
  obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto
  subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of
  November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord,
  King James of England, France and Ireland, the
  eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth.
  Anno Domini, 1620."

42
Settlement in North America

• Other countries
• Dutch- New Amsterdam
• Led by Henry Hudson
• Main good beaver pelts and cod
• Sweden- New Sweden
• Both conquered by the British

43
New Netherland New Sweden
44
ns
45
Settlement in North America

• France
• Purpose was to build settlements to use as a base
  for trade.
• Ex. Montreal, Quebec, Toronto
• Went inland using rivers as guide.
• Furs were the main commodity

46
Religion impact

• Catholic missionaries spread throughout the
  western Spanish territories
• Puritans and other Protestants in the east

47
A new rise of Trade thought

• Mercantilism requires big government
• Aimed at strengthening your country through more
  exports than imports
• Bring and keep money in your country by tariffs
• Capitalism- personal investment in money to make
  a profit
• Less government is best!
• Invisible Hand
• Joint Stock Company- many people invest in a
  company for later profit
• Each person owns a part

48
Settlement in Africa

• Remember, Portugal had started to settle and
  build outposts.
• Outposts (Ports) to serve as resting stops in
  between slave and/or spice trade with the
  Americas and Asia.
• Outposts grew into permanent settlements

49
Slavery

• Always existed in Africa.
• Europeans now wanted slaves for America
• Traded slaves for guns, trinkets, tools, etc.
• Became known as the Triangle trade.

50
African Tribes competed for power and captured
other tribes for the slave trade
51
Destination of Slaves

• 2.5 to Europe and Asia
• 41 to Caribbean Islands
• 15 to Spanish South America
• 37 to Brazil
• 4.5 to North America

52
Slave Trade
53
(No Transcript)
54
Society in S. Africa

• Boers- Dutch for farmer
• settled in South Africa
• Protestants that lived in isolation from the
  World
• Used slavery heavily
• The Great Trek

55
Dutch Landing in 1652
56
Shaka Zulu (1785 1828)
57
In Conclusion

• Nations of Europe
• Explored to gain wealth and fame.
• They colonized to secure their spot in those
  areas.
• Competed with each other for power and wealth.
• Used the natives in America and Africa for their
  own gain.
• Spain wanted gold France, Portugal, Netherlands
  traded and Britain settled to stay permanently.