STM Journals course

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Our experience with linking and CrossRef
Jerry Cowhig, Managing Director Terry Hulbert,
Business Development Manager Institute of Physics
Publishing CrossRef annual meeting, Boston 25
September 2002 jerry.cowhig_at_iop.org www.iop.org
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Terry Hulbert
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Introduction

• Development of linking at IOP
• Other electronic developments at IOP
• CrossRef experiences
• Future linking developments

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Linking at IOP

• 1996 - all 35 IOP journals on www
• 1997 - Hypercite
• Refs link to INSPEC abs on IOP server
• Forward citations to IOP papers only
• 1998 - Distributed publishing
• Bilateral links AIP, APS, Springer etc
• 1999 - STACKS linking protocol
• 1999 - Axiom (secondary dbase)
• INSPEC, later Compendex
• Links to full text

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Linking at IOP (cont)

• 1999 - final bilaterals, AP getting close to
  total available coverage in physics

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AND THEN ALONG CAME...

• CrossRef

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CrossRef

• 1999 Frankfurt STM Linking good!
• Sudden announcement, NY Times
• IOP not in original 12 disciples
• Online 1999 joined asap
• Still pursued bilaterals Elsevier NO!

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October 1998
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CrossRef

• June 2000 CrossRef launched
• Elsevier No to all bilaterals
• From the start IOP has been a member
• Elsevier was a major factor for IOP

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History post 2000

• Bilaterals, CrossRef other links co-exist
• SFX and Open URL
• ZBLSA
• DOI
• Forward citations (3rd party)

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DOI

• We use and support because of CrossRef
• IOP articles all have DOI since 2000
• Now also published in print and online
• Anyone incoming can use our DOIs
• Linking from IOP
• If no bilateral, check for DOI in INSPEC
• If DOI, we create URL to link directly
• If no luck, go to CrossRef
• We are not a member of the IDF

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Forward citations

• To see who has cited this paper
• IOP had this since 1997, Hypercite
• Now making bilaterals
• IPAP agreed
• Verbal agreements with APS, ADS
• Role for CrossRef

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Other IOP electronic initiatives

• Free first 30 days and other free accesses
• Archive back to 1874
• Local loading
• Now can include XML reference data
• Usage stats - COUNTER and more
• Vivisimo

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Current state Inbound linking (to get IOP text)

• Reference intra-linking in EJs - backwards
  forwards (Hypercite)
• Primary publishers - bilateral agreements,
  CrossRef
• Or STACKS - no contract needed!
• Secondary publishers, aggregators, gateways, etc.
  
• Local holdings, OPACs, etc.
• Help yourself!!
• Docdel PPV Ingenta, Infotrieve (contract)

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Current Outbound (from IOP to get other text)

• Links to primary data, publishers
• Links to secondary services eg ChemPort,
  MathSciNet
• Links to gateways SwetsnetNavigator, Information
  Quest, EBSCO Online
• Links to aggregators - Ingenta/CatchWord
• Links to document delivery vendors eg Infotrieve
• SFX (OpenURL) enabled
• CrossRef

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Our experience with CrossRef

• IOP is primary and secondary
• Primary 36 electronic journals
• Secondary Axiom dbase (INSPEC and Compendex)
• Enables links to many publishers where no other
  arrangement exists
• Sweeps up 7 refs in electronic journals
• gt25 links from INSPEC (Axiom)

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How much do we use CrossRef?

• IOP electronic journals 1968-present
• 2.8m references
• 1.8m have at least one link (64)
• 1.2m INSPEC or Compendex (66)
• 816k to 2ry eg Chemport, SWETS (45)
• 608k bilateral to publisher (34)
• 225k to IOP article (13)
• 37k to preprint, eg arXiv, SPIRES (2)
• 37k to CrossRef (2) - half Elsevier
• Total no of links 3m
• 1m references have no link (36)

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How much do we use CrossRef (2)?

• IOP electronic journals whole year 2001
• 179k references
• 126k have at least one link (70)
• 77k INSPEC or Compendex (62)
• 80k to 2ry eg Chemport, SWETS (63)
• 49k bilateral to publisher (39)
• 14k to IOP article (11)
• 6k to preprint, eg arXiv, SPIRES (5)
• 8k to CrossRef (7) - half Elsevier
• Total no of links 248k
• 53k references have no link (30)

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How much do we use CrossRef (3)?

• Axiom INSPEC year 2001
• 195k new journal records
• 55k CrossRef links (28)
• 52k bilateral links (27)
• 88k have no links (45)

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How much do we use CrossRef (4)?

• Axiom click-throughs pointing to full text (last
  12 months)
• 104k total
• 55k AIP/APS (53)
• 37k CrossRef (36)
• 12k remainder (12)

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How much - summary

• In current IOP electronic journals, refs
• 70 have a link (or links) inc CrossRef
• 7 rely on CrossRef link
• 30 of refs have no link to full text
• In current Axiom (INSPEC)
• 55 have a link (or links) inc CrossRef
• 28 we rely on CrossRef link
• 45 of refs have no link to full text (back
  sweeps may reduce this)

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Whats our experience of using CrossRef?

• We support the principle
• We love all the nice people
• Technicallyits not been easy
• EJs - not much problem
• Axiom - more tricky

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Axiom technical problems

• 5000 new abstracts per week
• About 30 need CrossRef links
• Much staff time dealing with it
• Manual reference check
• Data deviating from the spec
• OftenTimed Out with no notice
• Now backlog of gt300,000 look-ups
• Recently stopped using CrossRef at all!
• New CrossRef system seems better -)
• Working for EJs Axiom will try soon

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Other issues with CrossRef

• Transfer of ownership
• Not seamless if new owner fails to update
  metadata (new URL for the DOI)
• Affiliates need not link to primary source!
• Primary publishers must do so
• Secondary need not. WHY NOT?
• 60members deposit but dont link!
• So we send them readers...
• but they dont send readers to us!
• These are not the fault of CrossRef staff
• MEMBERS - COME ON, PLAY THE GAME !

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How much does CrossRef cost us?

• For electronic journals p.a.
• Membership 1000
• Deposit articles 6500
• Retrieve articles 500
• For Axiom p.a.
• Membership 5000
• Retrieve articles 8500
• For archive (one off)
• Deposit 8250
• Retrieve 8500

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How much does CrossRef cost us?

• Year 2001 invoices 28,000

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How should CrossRef develop?

• EVERYTHING TO IMPROVE LINKING
• More links to books and grey literature
• Affordable subsets of MDDB we can buy
• Good for CrossRef as well as for us
• Linking tools - e.g. graphical history of a
  reference trail
• Forward citation deposit refs attached to
  papers. Lets not repeat history!
• Cross Search abstracts - NO NO!
• Move away from core role - linking (PILA)
• Its competing with secondaries

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Summary

• IOP always keen on reference linking
• Many linking relationships
• CrossRef (in physics) is valuable sweep up
• CrossRef (for Axiom) is largest single link
• We support CrossRef, value relationship
• Technical problems may be resolved?
• Future more linking items, not searching
• grey literature
• MDDB slices
• reference trails
• forward citing!!!!

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Thank you

• jerry.cowhig_at_iop.org
• www.iop.org