Life in the English Colonies

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Life in the English Colonies

• 5.1 Forms of Government

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Colonial Governments

• CHARTER Power is given for a government
• Three types of Charters
• Proprietary Individuals ran the colony and chose
  the leaders
• Company The company chose the leaders
• Royal The King chose the leaders
• PRIVY COUNCIL- They oversaw English Policy in the
  colonies.
• The King granted all charters and had the last
  say on policy!

3
Colonial Assemblies

• BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE- Two house lawmaking body.
• Representatives are elected by the colonists.
• TOWN MEETINGS A gathering to decide important
  issues on the local level.

4
Colonial Courts

• Many courts enforced the colonys religious views
  or protected individual freedoms.
• John Zenger Fought for freedom of the press. He
  was found not guilty.

5
The Dominion of New England

• James II is the new King of England.
• He wants more control over the colonies.
• He unites the northern colonies under one
  government
• He limits town meetings

6
The Glorious Revolution

• James II kicked out by William and Mary
• All charters restored to the colonies, but the
  King chose the governor
• ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS Power of the English
  Monarchy is reduced. Parliaments has more say.

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Life in the English Colonies

• 5.2 Notes

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English Trade Laws

• MERCANTILISM Create and maintain wealth by
  controlling trade
• BALANCE OF TRADE- A balance between imports and
  exports.

Imports
Exports
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English Trade Laws

• NAVIGATION ACTS-
• It required the colonies to do most of their
  trading with England
• Trade in the colonies becomes unbalanced.
• Heavy taxes were also applied to imported goods.
• This leads to smuggling

10
English Trade Laws

• TRIANGULAR TRADE-
• Trade in the form of a triangle
• Example America to Africa to West Indies to
  America

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The Middle Passage

• The journey from Africa to America
• It could last as long as three months
• 10 million slaves cross the Atlantic Ocean
• Thousands die from smallpox and suicide
• Wealth forces people to close their eyes to the
  inhumanity of slavery.

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Life in the English Colonies

• 5.3 The Colonial Economy

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Agriculture in the Southern Colonies

• Warm climate and long growing seasons
• CASH CROPS Tobacco, rice, and indigo
• SLAVE CODES-
• Laws to control slaves
• You could not have meeting, own weapons, or learn
  to read or write.

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Industry and Trade in New England

• The land was not good for growing crops
• Trade, fishing, and shipbuilding supported the
  economy.

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The Middle Colonies

• Good growing seasons with rich land
• STAPLE CROPS Crops that are always needed such
  as wheat, barley, and oats
• Trade was also very good

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Life in the English Colonies

• 5.4 The Great Awakening

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Religion in the Colonies

• Most colonists are Protestants
• South Anglican
• Middle Quakers, Lutherans
• New England Congregationalist (Puritan)
• Some Catholics in Maryland, Jewish in cities.

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The Great Awakening

• Not a single event.
• A series of REVIVALS or gatherings where People
  come together to hear sermons and declare their
  faith.
• Popular with young men and women.
• Focused on renewing religious enthusiasm and
  commitment.

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The Great Awakening

• We are all born sinners, but could be saved by
  God. Rich or Poor alike.
• Communication increases among colonies with
  traveling ministers.
• Equality for all was promoted and revivals became
  popular places to discuss politics.

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Life in the English Colonies

• 5.5 American Culture

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Education

• There were more schools in New England
• Southern families usually lived far from towns
  and required tutors or parents for their
  education
• Most stopped their education after the elementary
  grades.

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Benjamin Franklin

• He wrote POOR RICHARDS ALMANACK
• He was an inventor too.
• He made the lightning rod, Franklin stove, and
  bifocals.
• He also found positive and negative charges in
  electricity
• He even developed daylight savings time.