Filippo Brunelleschi

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Filippo Brunelleschi

• By Morgan Spanopoulos and Molly Sobieski

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background

• Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the foremost
  architects and engineers of the Italian
  Renaissance. He is perhaps most famous for his
  development of linear perspective and for
  engineering the dome of the Florence Cathedral,
  but his accomplishments also include other
  architectural works, sculpture, mathematics,
  engineering and even ship design. His principal
  surviving works are to be found in Florence,
  Italy.

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Work 1

• The dome of the Cathedral of Florence

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Misc. Info

• In 1418, a new cathedral, the Santa Maria del
  Fiore was erected, however, the dome was
  unfinished.
• Architects at this time were uncertain on how to
  create it, since buttresses were forbidden by the
  city followers, and finding scaffolding of the
  size and quality were extremely difficult, if not
  impossible, to find.
• In 1418, the wool merchant's guild held a
  contest to see which architect would create the
  dome, which consisted of who could balance an egg
  on a slab of marble, obviously, Mr. Brunelleschi
  won.

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Medium

• Marble and Brick

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LOcation

• Florence, Italy

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Work 2

• The Crucifix

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Misc. info

• Brunelleschi's Crucifix is a wooden sculpture
  preserved in the Gondi Chapel of Santa Maria
  Novella in Florence, dated to about 1410-1415.
• According to many, it was carved in response to
  the wooden crucifix by Donatello at Santa Croce
  church in Florence, after Brunelleschi was
  criticized of its exaggerated naturalism, people
  calling it a "peasant on the cross" instead of
  the "Body of Jesus Christ", who was the most
  perfect man who ever lived.
• The work is characterized by a careful study of
  anatomy and proportions, the result of which
  keeps to the essential (inspired by classical
  art), enhancing the dignity and sublime harmony
  of the work.

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medium

• Wood and Stone

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location

• Gondi Chapel of Santa Maria Novella in Florence,
  Italy

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What was art like during the Italian Renaissance?

• Renaissance art is the painting, sculpture and
  decorative arts of that period of European
  history known as the Renaissance, emerging as a
  distinct style in Italy in about 1400, in
  parallel with developments which occurred in
  philosophy, literature, music and science.

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Equestrian statue of Guattamelata

• The subject is Erasmos memorial
• The occasion is the renaissance
• The audience is the Narni family
• The purpose is to impress the Narnis in order to
  get paid
• This was made by a rich artist
• The speaker is Donatello
• Donatello made this piece of art in order to show
  Erasmo in a good light after his death. It shows
  that in the renaissance war leaders were often on
  horseback and that showed honor and glory or else
  Donatello would not have made the sculpture in
  this way. His goal was to get paid for honoring
  Erasmo by his family so he did his best to show
  him in a good light

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bibliography

• https//www.google.com/imghp
• http//www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/b/brunelle/i
  ndex.html
• http//www.chiesasantamarianovella.it/en/artworks/
  crucifix-brunelleschi
• https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi
  

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Art Analysis

• By Garner Offutt

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1 Donatello Statue of David

• The location of this statue today is in the
  Italian city of Florence
• This work of Ren. Art was made around the 1440s
• The statue of David represent the biblical
  character David or you might know him in the
  story of David and Goliath.
• Subject Bronze David \
• Occasion During the Renaissance 14th century to
  the 17th
• Audience Patrons of the Arts, The public,
  Higher Powers
• Purpose to show the importance of the story of
  David and Goliath and David's strength
• PoV Donatellos work reflected the views of
  humanism prevelent at the time. He created a
  sculpture of a young male David who slew Goliath.
  David had all the characteristics of what
  humansim focused on. ( beauty, Grace, strength,
  Power)
• Speaker Donatello himself.

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Facts

• The creation of the work is entirely
  undocumented, and it has been given a range of
  dating. According to one theory, it was
  commissioned by the Medici Family in the 1430s to
  be placed in the centre of the courtyard of the
  old Medici Palace. Alternatively it may have been
  for that position in the new Palazzo Medici
  Riccardi where it certainly was placed later,
  which would place the commission in the mid-1440s
  or even later. 
• There are no indications of contemporary
  responses to the David, however the fact that the
  statue was not placed in the town hall of
  Florence in the 1490s indicates that it was
  viewed as controversial.
• The figure has been interpreted in a variety of
  ways. One has been to suggest that Donatello was
  homosexual and that he was expressing that sexual
  attitude through this statue.

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Masaccio

• Zoe Fifer, Hannah Bubnar
• P. 1
• 8-13-15

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Masaccio
(1401-1428)
-Masaccio was born December 21, 1401 in Castel
San Giovanni, Italy. (Present day San Giovanni
Valdarno, around Florence, Italy.) -He died in
1428 in Rome, Italy. -Born Tomasso di Giovanni
di Simone Guddi, he was given the nickname
Masaccio. -He was the first known great painter
during the Italian Renaissance. -During his
lifetime, he was known as Tomasso Cassai. -He
died at a very young age, and some believe he was
poisoned. -It was believed he cared very litte
about hygiene or looks. -He may have been
influenced by sculptor Donatello, and it is said
he influenced Michelangelo.
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The Tribute Money
Analysis In the picture, you see many men in
brightly colored robes. But, there are two men
whose robes are different than the rest. Theyre
robes are shorter. They both seem to be trying to
take something from the other men. Since this
piece is titled The Tribute Money, we can assume
they are wanting tribute (tax) from the men. In
the middle Jesus is depicted. The tax collector
in orange is asking Jesus for tax. Jesus
The Tribute Money, 1425 Tomasso Cassai (Massacio)
seems to be directing the man to the direct left
of his somewhere. The tax collectors robes are of
bright colors, so we can assume they are people
of high authority. They may have been church
officials. This artwork was created in 1425. This
time period was in the heart of what is known
today as the Italian Renaissance. This was most
likely painted for the public, patrons who would
want to buy the piece, church official, and
members of the church, since it depicts a
religious scene. The artist of the work,
Masaccio, seemed to be a member of the church, as
every one of his paintings demonstrated a
religious scene or moment. Medium Fresco
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FACTS ABOUT THE TRIBUTE MONEY

• In this artwork, he displayed excellent use of
  light, color, and special context.
• This was created in 1425, right before Madonna
  and Child.
• It is currently located in the Brancacci Chapel
  of the basilica of Santa Maria del Carmine,
  Florence, Italy.
• It is known as Masaccios best piece of art.
• In years after the creation of The Tribute Money,
  it actually went through damage. It had to be
  restored relatively recently, in the 1980s.
• Masaccio often used aerial perspective in his
  work, especially in The Tribute Money.
• Masaccio actually never completed it, it was
  later finished by Filipinno Lippi. (1457-1504)

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Madonna and Child
Analysis In this artwork, it appears to be Mary,
as Madonna, and Jesus, as Child, along with four
angels, two of whom appear to be playing music.
Jesus is eating grapes from the hand of Mary.
Wine is made out of grapes, and to the Christian
Church, wine is Jesuss blood. So, because of
this, we can assume the grapes stand for wine,
which stands for Jesuss blood. This depicts a
deeper religious symbol than it appears to a
first glance. This was also painted during
Italian Renaissance. The church members, patrons,
and the public were likely to be looking and
admiring this piece of work. This was another
work created by Masaccio in 1426. Medium Egg
Tempra
Madonna and Child, 1426. Tommaso Cassai (Massacio)
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Facts about Madonna and Child

• This piece of artwork demonstrates a use of
  single-pount linear perspective.
• It was made by Masaccio just two years before his
  death, in 1426.
• Today, this piece is located in the Church of our
  Lady in Bruges, Belgium.
• Despite this being made shortly before his
  untimely death, it was actually one of the first
  of his great paintings.

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Sandro Botticelli

• Jarrett agnew, Noah Cook, Tux tuxworth

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Botticelli

• Born in Florence, Italy 1445
• Follower of Savonarola
• Often commissioned by Medicis
• Never married hated the idea of it
• Frescoes in the Sistine Chapel

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The Birth Of Venus

• Being pushed to shore by Zephyr
• Portrays perfection
• Perfect white skin tone
• Blowing hair
• Calm expression
• Nudity represents sex appeal

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Birth Of Venus

• Commissioned by Lorenzo de Medici
• One of first large scale canvas paintings in
  Renaissance Florence
• Pose relates to that of the sculpture of Venus
  de Medici
• On display at Uffizi Gallery, Florence

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Primavera

• Large orange grove
• Far left is Mercury spreading clouds to bring
  Spring
• Venus is center
• Cupid is hovering above everyone
• Chloris and Zephyr on right
• Painting represents marriage

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Primavera

• Commissioned by Medicis
• Title means Spring
• Often associated with Neoplatonic thought
• Held today in Uffizi Gallery, Florence

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Leonardo da Vinci

• He was born April 15, 1452-May 2,1519
• He was an apprentice for the artist Verrocchio.
• At 20 he was a master artist in the Guild of
  Saint Duke and established his own workshop
• He taught himself how to learn because he was
  unschooled.

• He was also an inventor, scientist,
  mathematician, engineer, writer, and musician
• His made plans for musical instruments, war
  machines, calculators, and boats
• Many of his machine plans have since been built
  and tested, to varying levels of success.
• He wrote in the opposite direction to what is
  normal.

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The Mona Lisa

• The Mona Lisa was painted in 1503 by Leonardo,
  himself.

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The Mona Lisa

• The piece of art is located in Louvre Museum in
  Paris, France.
• The Mona Lisa is formally know as La Gioconda.
• The Mona Lisa was portrait of Lisa del Gioconda.
• The painting was done with oil and wood.
• He started the painting when he was 51.
• He became an expert on anatomy of the human
  body.

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The Baptism of Christ

• The Baptism of Christ was finished in 1475
  painted with his master, Andrea de Verrocchio.

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The Baptism of Christ

• This piece of art is located in Uffizi Gallery in
  Florence.
• Leonardo painted the background with a blind
  angel and parts of the landscape.
• The painting was painted with oil and wood.
• He was 23, when he painted the picture of the
  Baptism of Christ.

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Michelangelo Buonarroti

• By Hannah Hagedorn, Madelyn Lopp, and Samantha
  Robinson

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Michelangelo Buonarroti
Lived (1475-1564) Works The sculpture of
David, The Battle of Cascina, The Crucifixion of
St. Peter, Doni Tondo, and The entombment He
was one of the original and most famous people in
renaissance art. Lived Florence, Italy
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The Last Judgment
Analysis This painting is showing when Christ
returns and he preforms The Last Judgment to
decide whether the person has been good or bad
during their life. During this time the
Renaissance is in full swing and the government
is changing hands. The audience is anyone who
went to the chapel to worship. Michelangelo saw
this as how people would act when Christ returns.
Michelangelo had already painted the chapel
ceiling and sculpted David. Symbolism The people
crowded around symbolize what an important time
this is and how the people react. Christ being in
the enter and illuminated symbolize that he is
the most important.
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The Last Judgement (Important Facts)

• People in painting originally painted naked
  irrespective of ranks and hierarchy but were
  painted with clothes on by Danielle De Volterra,
  Michelangelos student
• Painting originally commissioned by Pope Clement
  VII to be subject of resurrection
• Took four years to complete
• Mythical creatures in painting such as Charon,
  Minos, and St. Bartholomew
• Commissioned by Pope Paul II

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Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Analysis This painting is showing the nine
scenes from the book of Genesis including The
Creation of Adam and The Separation of Light from
Darkness. During this time the Medici family
regains their power and the Pope regains the
Papal states. The audience is anyone who went to
worship in the chapel. The purpose is to show the
creation of the world. Michelangelo sees God as
the ultimate power and Adam as his child.
Michelangelo had already sculpted
David. Symbolism In the Creation of Adam Adam is
laid back witch symbolizes his defiance. He was
not trying to reach out of god
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Sistine Chapel Ceiling(Important Facts)

• Michelangelo at first did not want anything to do
  with the ceiling painting because he saw himself
  as more of a sculptor.
• He painted the ceiling while standing on wooden
  scaffolding not lying down.
• The art was retouched in 1980-1990 by a group of
  Italian international experts and was funded by a
  Japanese television corporation.
• Commissioned by Pope Julius II

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• Raphael Sanzio
• Born Urbino, Italy 1483
• Died Rome, Italy 1520

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• The School of Athens
• Fresco Painting

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Description

• The School of Athens is a Fresco painting of a
  fictional school
• It is a very good example of the use of
  perspective to create the illusion of depth
• Using perspective it draws attention to Plato and
  Aristotle who are in the center
• It features many great philosophers of Greece
  from different time periods
• It is supposed to represent philosophy

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Facts

• It is considered Raphaels masterpiece and a
  perfect embodiment of the Renaissances classical
  spirit
• It is one of four frescos painted for the
  signature room of the apostolic palace, where it
  resides today, that represents human thought
  Theology, Poetry, Philosophy, and Justice
• It is one of many of Raphaels paintings in the
  Apostolic Palace because he was commissioned to
  decorate the Apostolic Apartments

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Sistine Madonna By Raphael Sanzio Oil
painting Christian background
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Description

• This is a painting of Mary holding the Christ
  Child (Jesus).
• Mary stands on a cloud in front of angels who are
  admiring the new born Christ Child.
• The 2 baby angels at the bottom of the painting
  are very famous, appearing in ads, campaigns,
  wrapping paper, and postcards.
• The man looking up at the baby is named Saint
  Sixtus.
• People in this picture seem to have a very
  worried expression.

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Facts

• Commissioned by Pope Julius II in 1512.
• Was installed by the Church of San Sito.
• This painting, after being released by the
  church, was in the museum Gemäldegalerie Alte
  Meister in Dresden.
• During WW II, it was moved from Dresden.
• After being gone until about the 1950s, it was
  moved back to Dresden where it is today.

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Jan van Eyck1366-1441Netherland

• By Brittany Wright

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Arnolfini Portrait

• Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and wife.
• Chandelier has 1 lit candle, signifies unity of
  marriage.
• Dog is a symbol of wealth because its a rare
  bread.
• Mirror has two other individuals in the room, one
  is believed to be the artist serving as a witness.

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Facts

• Arnolfini was member of a merchant family.
• It appears that his wife is pregnant but she is
  actually just holding up her skirt.
• Its believed it was painted as a marriage
  certificate.

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The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin

• Depicts the Chancellor of Burgundy sitting across
  from the Virgin Mary with Jesus in her lap.
• Two peacocks symbolize immortality and the pride
  of the Chancellor
• Mary is dressed in luxurious clothes that put her
  in the times of the painting

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Facts

• Eyck had many paintings of the Virgin Mary.
• The Virgins body is compared to an alter because
  she is holding Jesus for the Chancellor to
  worship.

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Pieter Bruegel the Elder(1524-1569)

• Seen as the greatest Flemish artist of the 16th
  century. He was the ancestor to a
  four-generation dynasty of painters that lasted
  until the 18th century.
• Known for creating great landscape and peasant
  scenes in his early years, and eventually
  creating much more Italian works in his later
  years.
• Nicknamed peasant Bruegel due to his painting
  of commoners, as well as a misnomer about him
  being born a peasant.
• Of all of Bruegels preserved art, about a third
  are now held at the Kunsthisorisches Museum in
  Vienna, Austria.

Peter Didelot, Paul Bossley Per. 1 8-17-15
The Tower of Babel (1563) Kunsthisorisches Museum
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The Hunters in the Snow (1565)
Analysis This work shows three hunters
returning from their hunt with only a rabbit for
their efforts. Deep footprints show how the
hunters and their dogs must trudge through the
snow to move. The dogs with lowered heads show
depression and grief of the lost hunt. With the
grief though, there is the joy of the children
and adults playing on the frozen pond. These
represent the happiness of the winter season in
contrast to the hardships that the hunters face.
A bleak color pallet adds to the feeling of a
barren landscape.
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Hunters in the Snow (continued)

• Medium Oil painting on wood panel
• This painting can be found today at the
  Kunsthisoriches Museum Vienna, Austria.
• This painting was commissioned by the wealthy
  Antwerp banker Niclaes Jonghelinck along with
  five other works which depicted all of the
  seasons. Five of these works remain and are
  spread across the world. Jonghelinck owned
  sixteen of Bruegels works.
• The set of works did much to cement Bruegels
  position as one of the best landscape artists of
  Northern Europe.

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The Triumph of Death (1562)

• Description
• Army of skeletons
• Fires
• Shipwrecks
• Barren landscape
• Corpse-filled pond
• Dead bodies litter the ground
• Hangings, executions
• Killing everyone from children to the king
• Symbolism/Analysis
• This painting symbolizes that you can not escape
  death. It takes everyone no matter the social
  class.

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The Triumph of Death (continued)

• Medium
• Oil Panel Painting
• Location Today
• Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

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Work Cited

• https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FilePieter_Bruegel_
  the_Elder_-_The_Painter_and_the_Buyer,_1565_-_Goog
  le_Art_Project.jpg
• https//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1
  0/thetriumphofdeath.jpg
• http//www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/brue/hd_brue.htm
  
• http//www.britannica.com/biography/Pieter-Bruegel
  -the-Elder
• http//www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/b/bruegel/pi
  eter_e/07/01januar.html