Acquiring and Managing Global Power

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Acquiring and Managing Global Power
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Roosevelt

• Make US a power that could exert influence around
  the world
• Speak softly and carry a big stick
• Work quietly and patiently to achieve goals
  overseas
• Using force if necessary
• Big Stick Policy

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Roosevelt Corollary

• Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
• MD designed to prevent Europe meddling in W.
  Hemisphere
• Yet many countries still too weak to defend
  themselves
• US international police
• Preserve peace
• Protect US interests

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Taft

• Shifted foreign policy to focus on economic goals
• Dollar Diplomacy
• Encourage and protect US trade and investment in
  Latin America and Asia
• Strong presence overseas would advance US
  interests

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Wilson

• Moral Diplomacy
• Based on democratic ideals, rather than on
  economic investment or the use of force
• Should use power to aid liberty in the world
• Ex human rights, etc. NOT national interests
• Introduced a concept called self-determination
  into foreign policy
• The right of other peoples to determine their own
  government, free of outside influence

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Panama / Colombia

• Roosevelt tried to lease land for canal Colombia
  turns down offer
• 1903- US encourages revolt in Panama US sends
  warships
• Panama becomes independent
• US builds Panama Canal
• 1999- Canal returned to Panamanians
• Helped improve international trade

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Mexico

• Huerta overthrows dictator Diaz
• US refuses to recognize new govt instead backs
  Huertas opponent, Carranza
• Hoped he would support democratic reform
• Tensions between Huerta and Wilson almost led to
  war
• Wilson sent troops to Veracruz to keep weapons
  from reaching Huertas army
• Battle- 90 Americans killed

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• Most Mexicans, including Carranza, opposed US
  action
• Wilson pulled forces out of Mexico
• Huerta resigns and Carranza takes over
• Zapata and Villa then rose up against Carranza
• Villa orders attacks on American citizens in
  Mexico and US
• 17 killed in New Mexico
• Wilson sent troops to capture Villa
• Carranza insisted the troops leave

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Puerto Rico

• Island remained an American possession
• Grew frustrated with American rule
• Neither citizens nor an independent nation
• 1917- becomes a US territory
• Gained citizenship but not all the rights of it
• Could not elect their own governor or vote in US
  elections
• 1952- became a US commonwealth

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Philippines

• Gives greater access to Chinese trade and more
  influence in Chinese affairs
• After the SPAM War, Aguinaldo calls for
  independence
• Elected president, but USA would not recognize
  the new govt
• Fighting breaks out between US and Phil.
• Phil. used guerilla tactics
• After 3 years, US captured Aguinaldo
• US sets up govt for islands
• Philippines finally gain independence in 1946

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Alaska

• William Seward- Sec. of State under Pres. Lincoln
  and Johnson
• Bought Alaska for 7.2 million
• Seen as Sewards Folly
• Became a state in 1959

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Hawaii

• Important stop for ships crossing the Pacific
  Ocean
• Hawaiis wealth came from American-owned sugar
  plantations
• Most of the crops shipped and sold in USA
• Growers called for the USA to annex the islands
  so they wouldnt have to pay tariffs

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• Queen Liliuokalani
• Resented the dominance of wealthy white minority
  on the islands
• New constitution gave native Hawaiians more power
• White planters upset and call on US to help
• US forces land and help overthrow the queen
• Became a US territory from 1890s until 1959 when
  Hawaii became a state

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Foreign Influence in China

• France, Germany, Britain, Japan, etc. have
  spheres of influence in China
• Areas where each nation claimed special rights
  and economic privileges
• China seen as a vast potential market for
  American goods

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• Open Door
• USA feared that China would be split into
  colonies and American traders would be shut out
• John Hay issued Open Door Policy
• Proposed the sharing of trading with the USA
  creating an open door
• No single nation would have a monopoly on trade
  with China

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Boxer Rebellion

• Boxers eventually took up arms in an effort to
  restore national control
• Led an insurrection, rising to expel the
  foreigners from China
• Boxers started killing foreigners
• Stopped the Boxer Rebellion using a combined army
  from nations

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Open Door Policy

• Reflected 3 American beliefs about the US
  economy
• The growth of the economy depended on exports
• The US had the right to intervene abroad to keep
  foreign markets open
• Feared that the closing of and area to American
  products, citizens, or ideas threatened US
  survival