Powers of the Pres. alone?

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Bellringer

• Powers of the Pres. alone?
• Powers the Pres. shares with the Senate?
• Powers the Pres. shares with Congress as a whole?

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Executive 1
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Today we will ...

• Objectives

Agenda

• List and describe the offices under the President.

• Self-Grade FRQ HW
• Slide/notes - Exec. Departments
• Closure
• HW - Executive Bureaucracy Questions

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Electoral College

• Each state chooses its own methods of selecting
  electors
• 538 Electoral Votes 270 to win
• If no candidate wins a majority (tied at 269),
  the House decides w/each state getting 1 vote
• President and Vice President on the same ballot,
  encouraged political parties
• 12th Amendment electors select pres. VP
  separately tie breaker

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• President

Prime Minister

• Outsiders
• Not always from majority in Congress
• Executive can work at cross purposes with
  Congress
• Leadership Staff can not serve in Congress
  concurrently
• Cabinet heads selected from outside Congress

• Insiders
• Always from majority in Legislature
• Prime Minister will always have support from the
  Legislature
• Leadership Staff is chosen from ranks

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Divided Government vs. Unified Government

• What does it mean to have a divided government?
• Why do we still have gridlock, even with a
  unified government?

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Constitutional Review

• Qualifications Age Birth Residence
• 22nd Amendment (2 Term/10 Yr. Max.)
• Impeachment for Treason, Bribery, or other High
  Crimes and Misdemeanors
• 25th Amendment - 1967
• Succession death or resignation
• Pres. disability

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Executive Office of the President

• EOP

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Bureaucracy of the President

• VP
• First Lady
• White House Office Staff
• The West Wing
• Executive Office
• special advisory groups

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The Executive Office

• Agencies that report directly to the President
• Top positions are appointed by Pres. confirmed
  by Senate
• Staffers may or may not have contact w/Pres.
• Office of Management Budget
• Assembles the budget
• Develops reorganization plans
• Reviews legislative proposals of agencies
• Has recently become more of a policy advocate

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Executive organization of staff

• Pyramid Structure
• Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, Bush
• Orderly Flow
• - Isolating / Misinformation
• Circular Spokes of the Wheel
• Carter
• Cabinet assistants report directly to Pres.
• President get a good deal of info
• - Confusion Conflict
• Ad hoc
• Clinton
• Task forces, committees informal advisors
  report directly to Pres.
• Greater flexibility
• - Responsible government officials cut off

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Check for understanding

• Who do you think become White House staff? Why?

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The Cabinet

• Executive Agencies

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The Cabinet (15 departments)

• Chief executive Secretary
• Not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution
• Presidential control over departments remains
  uncertain
• Secretaries become advocates for their
  departments
• Pres. doesnt appoint people working in agencies
• Congress funds agencies, not exec.
• Appointment process acting apptmts. have
  increased legislative - executive tensions

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Check for understanding

• Why do you think there is tension between WH
  staff and cabinet secretaries?

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How Things Work
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Cabinet Officials Agency Heads

• Prior federal private industry experience
  expertise
• Usually have their own political following
• Pres. may reward friends supporters w/ acting
  appointments
• Vacancies Act 1868 120 days for Senate to take
  action
• Appointments

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The President Program

• Putting together a program
• Interest groups
• Aides and campaign advisors
• Federal bureaus and agencies
• Outside, academic, other specialists experts
• http//www.whitehouse.gov/1is2many

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Closure

• Is the President responsible to appoint a diverse
  cabinet in order to get a varying range of
  opinions, experiences, and viewpoints? Or should
  the President solely be focused on getting the
  best people in his cabinet? Both? Explain your
  opinion.
• http//www.mediaite.com/tv/stewart-shreds-E2809
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  e-show/