Chapter 18 Classification

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Chapter 18 Classification

• The diversity of life

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Why is it necessary to classify?

• 1.5 million species on the planet so all
  creatures must be organized with a universal
  system. We call this taxonomy.
• Scientists cannot use common names because they
  change depending on where you live.
• For example cougar, panther, puma, mountain
  lion all represent the same animal. It has a
  scientific name Felis concolor

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Scientific Names

• Carolus Linneaus Swedish botanist who began the
  modern naming system.
• Developed a two word naming system called
  binomial nomenclature (latin)
• 2 name naming system
• Scientific names are
• Descriptive
• In Latin
• 2 words capitalize the first letter of the
  first word and lowercase everything else.
• First word is Genus second word is species

Ursus maritimus
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Examplesscientific name genus species

• Homo sapien
• Canis familiarius
• Felis domesticus
• Drosophilia melanogaster

Human Dog Cat Fruit fly
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Classification System

• We organize all life on Earth into 9 levels.
  Each level is called a taxon.
• Domain is the largest 3 large groups (see
  below)
• Species is the smallest

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Classification LevelsExample Grizzly bear
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Human Taxonomy Levels
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Changing Number of Kingdoms

• History of Kingdoms
• 1700s - 2 kingdoms Plants and Animals
• 1800s 3 kingdoms Plants, Animals, Protists
  (pond water critters)
• 1950s 5 kingdoms Monera (bacteria),
  Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals
• 1990s 6 kingdoms - Eubacteria, Archaebacteria,
  Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals.

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Section 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains

• Shown below are the three domains and the 6
  modern kingdoms we use today.

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Domain Bacteria and Archaea

• 1. Kingdom Bacteria
• unicellular
• prokaryotic
• cell wall contains a special molecule called
  peptidoglycan.

• 2. Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Live in extreme environments
• Cell wall lacks peptidoglycan

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Domain Eukarya3. Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryotic organisms (most are
• one celled)
• Shows the greatest variety of organisms
• Photosynthetic or heterotrophic

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Domain Eukarya4. Kingdom Fungi

• Absorptive heterotrophs absorb nutrients
  through their bodies
• Feed on dead or decaying organic matter
• Many are multicellular
• Yeast is unicellular

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Domain Eukarya5. Kingdom Plantae

• Multicellular
• Autotrophs (do photosynthesis)
• Cellulose in cell wall

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Domain Eukarya 6. Kingdom Animalia

• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• Eukaryotic
• Invertebrates and Vertebrates