Coronary%20Heart%20Disease

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Coronary Heart Disease

• A project about biology and UE

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Definition

• Coronary arteries are arteries which supply blood
  to the heart to provide nutrients and oxygen.
  Coronary heart disease occurs when these arteries
  are narrowed or even blocked.

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Importance

• Heart disease is the second killer disease
  (second only to cancer) in Hong Kong. Among the
  different types of heart disease, coronary heart
  disease is the commonest and it is increasing,
  especially among younger people.

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Causes

• It is caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary
  heart artery.  The blood supply is not enough
  when the artery lumen become smaller.  Patients
  may feel chest pains or heart burns.      
  

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Symptoms and Signs (1)

• Sudden death without any previous symptoms
• - About 10 of patients with coronary heart
  disease do not have symptoms and only present as
  sudden death.
• Some people may have the following symptoms
• - Angina - Constricting chest pain. It usually
  occurs under physical exertion e.g. while doing
  exercise, brisk walking or under emotional
  stress. The pain gradually disappears after
  taking a rest.

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Symptoms and Signs (2)

• Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) -
  Sudden onset of severe chest pain that may
  radiate to the neck, arm or jaw. The patient may
  develop profuse sweating, shortness of breath,
  nausea and vomiting or even pass out. Anyone with
  these symptoms should immediately seek medical
  treatment or attend the Accident Emergency
  Department in a hospital.

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  Risk factors for coronary heart disease
include

• high blood pressure
• high blood cholesterol
• smoking
• Family history of coronary heart disease
• Obesity or Diabetes mellitus
• Lack of exercise
• Chronic stress

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Research

• Soy Foods Reduce Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease
• Tea Heart Disease and Cancer
• Laughter Is Good For Your Heart, According To A
  New University Of Maryland Medical Center Study
• Family Factor Is Foremost In Foretelling Heart
  Disease Risk

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Soy Foods Reduce Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease

• SourceUniversity of Toronto 1999-06-07
• http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/06/9906
  03091345.htm
• The findings demonstrate the power of
  certain foods in the fight against cholesterol
  and may explain why heart disease is so rare in
  East Asian countries where soy consumption is
  much higher.
• Compared to the low-fat control diet, the
  soy diet significantly lowered total cholesterol
  levels, LDL cholesterol and the ratios of good to
  bad cholesterol levels.

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Tea Heart Disease and Cancer

• Source http//www.rosa.com.tw/sea/good.htm
• The natural antioxidant properties of tea may
  help reduce the risk of developing heart disease.
  It is the polyphenols in tea that have a
  beneficial effect on two long established heart
  disease risk factors
•  1) High blood cholesterol.--Studies have
  indicated that average blood cholesterol levels
  drop as the amount of tea consumed increases
• 2) High blood pressure. -- systolic blood
  pressure levels (systolic)is lowered as tea
  drinking levels go up

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Laughter Is Good For Your Heart, According To A
New University Of Maryland Medical Center Study

• SourceUniversity Of Maryland Medical Center
  2000-11-17
• The researchers found that people with heart
  disease were 40 percent less likely to laugh in a
  variety of situations compared to people of the
  same age without heart disease.

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Family Factor Is Foremost In Foretelling Heart
Disease Risk

• Source American Heart Association
• 2001-02-02 http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20
  01/02/010202074010.htm
• The researchers note that family history was
  associated with more extensive disease (larger
  defects), but not more severe disease ,compared
  with subjects who had other risk factors for
  heart disease, but no family history of it.

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Imagination

• If I am a doctor..

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Case 1

• Cause heredity
• Sex female
• Age 28
• Height 168 cm Weight48kg
• Lifestylebalanced diet, enough exercises,
• normal life
• (10pm sleep and 7am wake up )

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Case 1

• The number of calories and grams of saturated fat
  and total fat estimated are
• - 1900 calories 19 grams of
• saturated fat
• - 63 grams of total fat
• You should eat less than 300 milligrams of
  cholesterol a day and no more than 2400
  milligrams of sodium a day.

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Case 2

• Cause always eat high cholesterol level
• food, obesity
• Sex male
• Age 45
• Height 170 cm Weight90kg
• Lifestylewithout exercise but have normal
• life

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Case 2

• The number of calories and grams of saturated fat
  and total fat estimated for you are
• - 2500 calories
• - 25 grams of saturated fat
• - 83 grams of total fat
• You should eat less than 300 milligrams of
  cholesterol a day and no more than 2400
  milligrams of sodium a day.

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Case 3

• Causedrink alcohol and have smoking habit,
• stressful daily life
• Sex male
• Age 36
• Height 180 cm Weight68kg
• Lifestylenot enough sleeping hours,
• abnormal life, always drink
  alcohol after
• working

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Case 3

• The number of calories and grams of saturated fat
  and total fat estimated are
• - 1600 calories 16 grams of
• saturated fat
• - 53 grams of total fat
• You should eat less than 300 milligrams of
  cholesterol a day and no more than 2400
  milligrams of sodium a day.

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Case 4

• Causediabetes patient, high blood pressure
• Sex female
• Age 68
• Height 160 cm Weight55kg
• Lifestyleserious diabetes. Normal life

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Case 4

• The number of calories and grams of saturated fat
  and total fat estimated for you are
• 1500 calories 15 grams of saturated fat
• 50 grams of total fat
• You should eat less than 300 milligrams of
  cholesterol a day and no more than 2400
  milligrams of sodium a day.

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General suggestion

• Health diet
• Treatment

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Health diet (1)

• 1. Meat Poultry, fish and shellfish are lower
  in saturated fat
• 2. Dry peas and beans and tofu are great meat
  substitutes that
• are low in saturated fat and cholesterol
• 3. Fats and oil when you replace saturated fats
  with
• unsaturated fat that can help keep blood
  cholesterol low
• 4. Fruits and Vegetables should be eating at
  least 3 to 5
• servings. Fruits and vegetables are very low
  on saturated
• fat and total fat, and have no cholesterol.
  Besides, these
• may also help keep cholesterol levels low.

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Health diet (2)

• 5. Breads, cereals, rice, pasta and other grains,
  and dry beans and peas are generally high in
  starch and fiber and low in saturated fat and
  calories.
• 6. Fat free or low fat brownies, cakes,
  cheesecake, cupcakes and pastries.Gelatin
  desserts which watch the whipped cream.Moreover,
  puddings made with 1 or fat free milk.

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coronary bypass surgery

• http//www.heart-surgeon.com/coronary-bypass.html
• - Aortocoronary bypass surgery means that one or
• more bypass grafts are implanted between the
  aorta
• and the coronary blood vessel.
• This homepage is a rough introduction about the
• coronary bypass surgery.

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coronary bypass surgery
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Other treatments (Chinese version for reference)

• Gene therapy to treat coronary heart disease
  August 1999
• http//www.c-science.com/txt/tc/te/pb/990804t
  epb.htm
• Growing new blood vessels in the heart by gene
  therapy January 1999
• http//www.c-science.com/txt/tc/te/pb/990117tepb.h
  tm
• New surgical bypass technique offer
  longer-lasting bypasses March 1999
• http//www.c-science.com/txt/tc/te/pb/990314te
  pb.htm
• Protein therapy can create new blood vessels to
  the heart May 1998
• http//www.c-science.com/txt/tc/te/pb/980523t
  epbx.htm

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Group members

• Ida Cheung Sin Yi 6S (1)
• Grace Kwok Wai Ming 6S (5)
• Crystal Lo Pui Yi 6S (10)
• Joey Tsang Sui Kwan 6S(12)

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The End