Georgia Studies

1
Georgia Studies

• Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia
• Lesson 4 Westward Expansion

2
Lesson 4 Westward Expansion

• Essential Question
• -How do political policies and new
  technologies influence growth and development?

3
Education and Religion

• The University of Georgia chartered in 1785 as
  nations first land-grant university opened for
  classes in 1801
• Georgia Female College (later Wesleyan College)
  opened in 1836
• Religious groups, such as the Baptist and
  Methodist churches, also began to spread across
  Georgia. As more towns were established churches
  became the centers for social and commuity life.

4
Cotton and the Cotton Gin

• Cash Crop-Crops which are grown to be sold
• Eli Whitney in 1793 invented a machine for
  separating cotton seeds from its fiber
• Increased the amount cotton growers could process
  each day
• The cotton gin used wire teeth on a turning
  cylinder to separate the seed from fiber
• Other inventions, such as Cyrus McCormicks
  Mechanical Reaper also helped farmers to become
  more productive.
• Since farmers were now able to do more work each
  day, many farmers wanted to move westward so that
  they could have even larger farms.

5
The Western Territory

• In 1802, Georgia ceded its land claims west of
  the Chattahoochee River to the federal government
  for 1.25 million
• President Thomas Jefferson doubled the nations
  size in 1803 with the Louisiana territory
  purchase the U.S. paid France 15 million for
  land that stretched to the Rocky Mountains
• Many people began to move west across the Oregon
  and Santa Fe trails, many of these hoping to find
  gold. Between 1848 and 1850, the population of
  California increased tenfold due to the major
  gold rush.
• Georgias farmers now had access to a large
  amount of land.

6
Frontier Georgia

• Undeveloped land in central and western Georgia
• Few settlers much land given away in land
  lotteries or through the Headright System
• Far-flung trading posts were only stories
• Often danger lurked from hostile attacks
• Social activities often centered around necessary
  work
• The country store became the center of activity
  few luxuries were available

7
Headright System

• Indian land in Georgia east of the Oconee River
  was given to settlers
• Every white male counted as a head of household
  and had the right to receive up to 1,000 acres
• This was generally replaced in 1803 by a land
  lottery for government-owned land west of the
  Oconee
• All white heads-of-household could buy a lottery
  chance and win land millions of acres in several
  states were given away

8
Yazoo Land Fraud

• Around 1795, four companies bribed the governor
  and legislators
• Bought millions of acres in western Georgia for 1
  ½ an acre
• The public found out and protested the
  legislators involved were voted out of office
• The General Assembly repealed the law approving
  the sale the federal government paid more than
  4 million to help Georgia settle Yazoo land
  claims

9
Early Roads in Georgia

• Railroads, most built after 1830, replaced
  horses, stagecoaches, and boats. Railroads helped
  Georgias citizens travel and trade much more
  efficiently.
• Most Georgia roads ran east to west they were
  former Indian footpaths
• Plank roads over wetlands that featured pikes
  or gates were called turnpikes
• Travelers paid a toll, or fee at each pike the
  Old Federal Road connected Athens north to
  Tennessee

10
Georgias Capital City

• After the American Revolution Georgias capital
  city moved from the original capital (Savannah)
  to Augusta.
• As Georgias population began to move farther
  west Georgia decided to move its capital city
  Louisville served as GAs third capital city from
  1795-1807.
• The city of Milledgeville served as Georgias
  fourth capital cit from 1807 until after the
  Civil War (1868)
• The city of Terminus was created in 1837 and
  meant to serve as the end of a proposed railroad
  that originated in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• Terminus was renamed Marthasville in 1843, after
  the daughter of former Governor Wilson Lumpkin
• The name was changed to Atlanta in 1845. Atlanta
  became Georgias fifth capital city in 1868.

11
Georgia Studies

• Unit 3 Revolution in Georgia
• Lesson 5 Indian Removal

12
Lesson 5 Indian Removal

• Essential Question
• -How do economic and political factors affect
  disenfranchised groups? (e.g. Creeks and
  Cherokees)

13
Creek Indians

• Series of clashes between Creek and settlers who
  pushed into their land known as Oconee War
• Treaty of New York Creek Chief Alexander
  McGillivray signed the treaty giving up all land
  east of the Oconee River, but could keep land on
  the west side this angered Georgia settlers, who
  felt betrayed by their government
• Land treaties were often broken
• Red Stick Creeks endorsed war to fight for their
  land claims White Stick Creeks wanted peace

14
The Creek War

• Red Sticks attacked Fort Mims, killing more than
  400 people
• The Battle of Horseshoe Band, in Alabama, ended
  the Creek War in 1814 Andrew Jackson led the
  U.S. Troops
• The Creeks were forced to give up nearly all
  their land to the U. S. Government
• The Treaty of Indian Springs gave up last Creek
  lands in Georgia to the U. S. Chief William
  McIntosh was later murdered by rival Creeks for
  signing the treaty

15
Removal of the Creeks

• Treaty of Washington (1832) resulted in 5 million
  acres of Creek land ceded to the United States
• U.S. agreed to allow Creeks who wished to remain
  and live on 2 million of those acres the U.S.
  promised to protect those who stayed
• Those who didnt wish to stay would have to move
  to the western territories
• The treaty was broker by 1840, nearly all Creeks
  were forced to move west

16
Cherokee Culture

• Most advanced of Georgias tribes learned
  quickly from white settlers
• Some, like Chief James Vann, lived in large
  houses
• Chief Vann encouraged Christianity
• Sequoyah developed a syllabary, a group of
  symbols that stand for whole syllables it gave
  Cherokees a written form of their language
• Government modeled on that of United States
  capital at New Echota by 1825

17
Cherokee Removal

• Indian Removal Act of 1830-Signed by President
  Andrew Jackson made the practice of forcibly
  removing Native Americans legal.
• Dahlonega Gold Rush-Gold was discovered on
  Cherokee land in north Georgia near the city of
  Dahlonega heightened demand for Cherokee land
• The Supreme Court of the United States and Chief
  Justice John Marshall decided that the Cherokee
  were a sovereign nation and should be allowed to
  rule themselves.
• Without the support of Chief John Ross, a
  rebellious Cherokee group signed a treaty giving
  away all Cherokee land

18
The Trail of Tears

• Between 1832 and 1835, Cherokees were stripped of
  their land
• In the winter of 1838, thousand of Cherokees were
  forcibly removed to Oklahoma about 4,000 died
  from disease, exposure, or hunger
• 700 to 800 escaped and hid in the North Carolina
  mountains