Ali Jamal Battle

1
AliJamal Battle

• A.S. Hashim, MD
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bassorah
• http//www.ezsoftech.com/islamic/jamal.asp
• And http//www.qurannetwork.com/abuturab/camel.ht
  ml

2
Sources of Reference

• Ibn Jarir al-Tabari,
• Ibn Qutaybah,
• Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. "Ali".
• Madelung,
• Encyclopaedia of the Holy Prophet and Companions
• Tabatabaei,
• Lapidus,
• The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman
  Empire by Edward Gibbon
• Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
• Dakake
• Nahj Al-Balagha, Sermon 3
• Holt, P.M. Lambton, Ann K.S. Lewis, Bernard.
  Cambridge History of Islam.
• Watt, William Montgomery. Muhammad at Mecca.
  Oxford University Press.

3
In this Slide Show

• The Gathering Storm
• Umm Salama Warns Aisha
• The Howab
• Mayhem in Basra
• The Appeal of al-Hasan in Kufa
• Ali Sends for Negotiations
• Ali Face to Face with Talha and Zubair
• Ali Reminds Zubair
• The Sudden shock
• Urging the Rebels to Fight
• Disabling the Camel
• Digging a Trench for Burial
• Mourning the Loss
• Alis Generosity to the Fallen

4
Ali the Khalifa

• When Uthman was killed, Medina was at the mercy
  of the rebels.
• The Muhajireen and the Ansaar realized that none
  except Ali could
• save the city of Medina from being plundered,
• the people from being massacred,
• and the government from breaking down,
• They, therefore, appealed to Ali to take charge
  of the government. 
• Ali told the Muhajireen and the Ansaar that
• he would accept their offer if they gave him a
  pledge to obey his orders both in peace and in
  war.
• They gave him their pledge to obey him, and he
  accepted their offer.

5
Rebellion Rears its Head

• But only a few days had passed when rebellion
  reared its head in Mecca against the Khalifa
  authority.
• Ali went into the Mosque, and called upon the
  Muhajireen and the Ansaar
• to rise in defense of the central government.
• Their only response was silence.
• Ali reminded them of the pledge they had given to
  him to obey him and they still did not respond.
• All his appeals and reminders seemed to fall on
  deaf ears.
• It was only after many weeks of appeals and a
  great effort that Ali could enlist the support of
  seven hundred volunteers in Medina.
• This was all that Medina would do for him. He
  left Medina with these volunteers never to
  return.

6
Soon after Uthman

• Uthman has been killed recently
• Feeling of agonizing guilt in the land of Islam
  especially in Medina
• The rebellious from Egypt and Iraq have a heavy
  feeling
• Ali, though refusing twice, finally agrees for
  his nomination
• Ali is given allegiance by most Sahaaba and
  others in Medina
• Ali insists on firing the Benu Umayya Governors
  who were appointed by Uthman, due to their
  corruption.
• Yala, of Benu Umayya and now the ex-governor of
  Yemen, carries off to Mecca the treasury of Yemen
  after he was fired by Ali.
• Yala ???? ?? ???? gives to A'isha the treasury
  (sixty thousand Dinars, along with six hundred
  camels) and
• one camel called Askar ???? , large and
  well-bred, valued at 200 gold pieces.

7
All of them Held a Meeting

• A'isha was returning to Medina from Mecca after
  Haj,
• but turned back when she heard the news of
  Uthman's assassination,
• and the accession of Ali to the Khilaafah.
• Aisha's two brothers-in-law Talha and Zubair ibn
  al-Awwam,
• who were considered to be two significant
  Sahaaba, also arrived in Mecca.
• Uthman's governor in Mecca was ibn Umayr
  al-Hadhrami.
• Marwan ibn al-Hakam and others of Benu Umayya,
  (Uthman's clan), were staying as al-Hadhramis
  guests.
• All of them held a meeting.

8
The Circumstances

• A'isha, was in Mecca for the pilgrimage when the
  third Khalifa, Uthman, was killed.
• She had expected and wished for either Talha or
  Zubair to succeed him
• Both Talha Zubair were brothers-in-law of
  Aisha.
• Her youngest sister was the wife of Talha, who
  was also a cousin of her father.
• Her oldest sister was a wife of Zubair, whose son
  Abdullah was adopted by Aisha.
• A'isha was 46 year old, and do you remember how
  she called for killing Uthman only a few months
  back, now that Uthman was killed, she turned
  against Ali?

9
The Gathering Storm

• A'isha got Talha's and Zubair's support
• Even though both of them had already given their
  oath of allegiance to Ali when he was nominated.
• Twelve years earlier both Talha and Zubair had
  been nominated for the Khilaafah by Omar before
  his death,
• but then, instead, Uthman was chosen for the
  Khilaafah.
• Uthman had appointed his family members as
  Governors over many regions of the fledgling land
  of Islam.
• These Governors were fired by Ali. Thus they
  were aggrieved.
• Benu Umayya did not give allegiance to Ali.
• A'isha and the aggrieved Benu Umayya to whom
  Uthman had belonged, supported each other against
  Ali.

10
The Gathering Storm

• The ex-governors of Uthman, and many of Benu
  Umayya had by now joined Aisha.
• Yala, the ex-governor of Yemen, had carried off
  to Mecca a large sum of treasure when he was
  displaced by Ali.
• He gave over to A'isha sixty thousand Dinars,
  along with six hundred camels
• One camel was very large and well-bred, valued at
  200 gold pieces.
• It was named Askar ????and was especially
  presented for A'isha's personal transportation.
• A large number of Arabs were also paid to enlist
  in the army, whose fathers and brothers had been
  killed by Ali in defending Islam.
• And many a discontented Arab flocked under the
  Standard too.

11
In Completing her Preparations

• Completing her preparations for the
  confrontation
• A'isha unsuccessfully tried to convince one of
  the previous wives of Muhammad, Umm Salama, to
  side with her.
• Umm Salama instead tried, and almost succeeded in
  convincing A'isha to abandon her plan
• but Zubair's son (Abdullah Ibn al-Zubair)
  persuaded her to proceed.
• A'isha had also tried to persuade another of
  Muhammad's previous wives, Hafsa Bint Omar to
  follow her but Hafsa's brother Ibn Omar stopped
  her from doing so.
• A'isha mounted on a litter on the camel Askar
  ???? , and marched from Mecca at the head of
  1,000 men.
• On her right was Talha, and on her left Zubair.

12
Umm Salama Warns Aisha

• Umm Salama (also wife of the Prophet) reminded
  Aisha
• of the time when the Prophet had addressed all
  his wives saying
• that the dogs of How'ab ?????? would bark at one
  of them, who would be part of a rebellious mob.
• She then warned A'isha not to be fooled by the
  words of Talha and Zubair
• who would only entangle her in wrong deeds.
• This advice had a sobering effect on A'isha, who
  almost gave up her plan. However, her adopted
  son, Abdullah bin Zubair, convinced her to go
  ahead.

13
The Rebellious Forces

• The Rebellious consisted of
• Aisha, Talha, and Zubair
• Benu Umayya
• Quraish people from Mecca, whose loved ones were
  killed by Ali in the battles of Islam
• Other people from Quraish
• Mercenaries who were paid Total so far 1,000
• Bedouins on the way enrolled for the pay Total
  so far 3,000
• People from Basra, many of whom were employees of
  Zubair Total reached 30,000

14
Who was to Lead the Prayers!

• A month after the death of Uthman, and during the
  march of the Meccan troops,
• queries began to arise if either Talha or Zubair
  would appoint himself as Khalifa, in the event of
  a victory.
• Thus, the position of the Imamah of prayers,
  (correlated to the Islamic Khilaafah), was
  disputed among the troops.
• But A'isha, seeking to cease the strife, gave
  Shura statement
• that neither Talha nor Zubair should lead the
  prayer, but Abdullah son of Zubair should lead
  the prayers instead.
• And so it was later given out that the choice of
  the future Khalifa, (in case of victory of the
  Meccan troops) should be left to the men of
  Medina.

15
The Howab ??????

• On the way to Basra, the rebel army received news
  that Imam Ali had come out of Medina in their
  pursuit.
• They decided to leave the main road and proceed
  to Basra through a different route.
• When they passed through the valley of How'ab the
  dogs of the village barked loudly.
• A'isha was startled, as if she remembered a very
  important thing. 
• Worriedly she asked, "What do you call this
  place?" 
• People got surprised, wondering why, but some of
  them came back to say, "This place is called
  Al-How'ab". 
• A'isha, to the surprise of all, became very upset
  and demanded to go back to Medina immediately, to
  call it off, to quit! 
• She recalled what the Prophet had said 26 years
  ago.

16
The Prophet had Said

• ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????
  ????? ?????????
• ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?
• ?? ???????   ???? ??? ??? ???????
• "I wonder who of you will be the instigator of
  the Jamal affair
• at whom the dogs of How'ab will bark
• and she will be the one who has deviated from the
  straight path
• As to you, O Humaira (A'isha)
• I have warned you in that regard."
• (Ibn Atheer, Al-Kaamil, Vol. 3, Page 120.  Also
  Book of Al-Imamah and Al-Siyasah)
•  (Humaira was A'isha's endearing name.)

17
The Howab ??????

• Aisha then got off her camel, refusing to go any
  further.
• Talha and Zubair tried to convince her that the
  place was not How'ab
• But Abdullah Ibn Zubair managed to bring 50 false
  witnesses
• to testify to this lie, but in vain.
• Finally, they somehow convinced her that it was
  not Al-Howab, lying through their teeth.
• It is said they raised a cry that Ali was
  approaching,
• Thus Aisha quickly remounted and the march was
  resumed.

18
The Howab ??????

• ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???
  ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???
  ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???
• ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??
  ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??
  ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????
• ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??
  ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???
• ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??
  ?????? ????? ??????
• ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????
• ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???
  ??????? ????????
• ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????
  ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????
• ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????
  ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???
  ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????

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The Rumors of Defection

• When rumors of the defection of Talha and Zubair
  along with others first reached Medina,
• Ali refused to move against the malcontents
• so long as no overt act of rebellion threatened
  the unity of the Islamic nation.
• But shortly after, news arrived of the design on
  Basra.
• At first, Ali thought that the insurgents had not
  made Kufa, with its greater Bedouin population,
  their object.
• Ibn Abbas, however, pointed out that Basra was
  really the more dangerous,
• because fewer of the leading chiefs were there,
  able to curb the people and repress rebellion.

20
The Disturbances in Mecca

• Meanwhile, Ali had received information about
  Aishas plans from Umm Salama (the wife of the
  prophet),
• and news of the disturbances in Mecca and Basra
  also came through.
• Ali made immediate plans to march towards Basra
  but could only raise 900 men with difficulty.
• The people were reluctant to fight Aisha,
  (considered to be the Mother of the Faithful, the
  widow of the Prophet).
• Also, the cry for avenging the blood of Uthman
  was too loud, confusing the people.

21
Ali on the Way

• Ali admitted this and quite concerned
• He gave orders that his forces which were
  destined for Syria to march instead to Nejd,
• hoping thereby to intercept the insurgents on
  their way to Basra.
• A column of 900 men was got together, at the head
  of which Ali marched hastily in pursuit of the
  insurgents
• but on striking the Mecca road he found that they
  had already passed.
• Not being equipped for further advance, he halted
  there.
• Messengers were sent to Kufa, Egypt, and
  elsewhere, demanding reinforcements and for
  these Ali the Khalifa waited before he went
  forward.

22
The Rebels Reach Basra

• The rebel forces reached Basra, and encamped
  close by.
• Messages were exchanged, and Uthman ibn Huneif
  ????? ?? ???? , the governor of Basra
• aware that the cry of vengeance for Uthman was in
  reality a design against his Khalifa, Ali ibn Abi
  Talib,
• ibn Huneif called an assembly to try the temper
  of the people.
• Finding from the uproar that the strangers had a
  strong party in the city,
• ibn Huneif put on his armor, and, followed by the
  larger portion of the citizens, went forth to
  meet the enemy,
• who, on their side, was joined from the town by
  all the malcontents.
• A parley ensued. Talha, Zubair, and A'isha all
  three declaimed against the murderers of Uthman,
  demanding their arrest and justice.

23
Al-Basra

• Distance about 1000 miles
• 18 overnight stops
• Distance between overnight stops varies from 35
  to 55 miles
• The route is across the desert
• Trip is arduous to say the least

24
Within the Perspective of Kufa

• Ali sent al-Hasan and Ammar ibn Yasir to Kufa to
  bring reinforcements for him.
• Kufa mustered 12,000 warriors, and it were these
  warriors who fought in the battle of the Camel,
  and defeated the "triumvirate" of Aisha, Talha
  and Zubair.
• Mecca, Medina and Basra had left Ali in no
  illusions about what they would do in an
  emergency.
• But the citizens of Kufa had sent reinforcements
  to him at a most critical moment in Alis career.
  
• He could clearly see that if there was war with
  Mu'awiya, he had only the army of Kufa to depend
  upon.
• It was, therefore, the logic of events that
  influenced Ali's decision to make Kufa the
  capital of the empire.

25
The Protestation of Others

• The other side were equally loud in their
  protestations against A'isha and her attack upon
  their city.
• They said it was a shame and a slight on the
  legacy and memory of Muhammad
• for her to forego the sanctity of the Hijab,
• and the proprieties of Umm al-Mu'minin ("Mother
  of the Faithful").
• Ali had been elected and saluted as Khalifa
• and now Talha and Zubair were violating the
  allegiance
• which they had been among the very first to swear
  it.

26
The End Result of Protestation

• Both Talha and Zubair protested that the oath had
  been forced upon them.
• On this point the controversy turned and from
  words they fell to blows.
• Night interposed, but fighting was resumed the
  following day
• and with so serious a loss to Basra that a truce
  was called and agreement come to,
• on the understanding that the facts should be
  ascertained from Medina.
• If force had really been put upon Zubair and
  Talha to take the oath,
• then Uthman ibn Huneif, the governor, would
  retire and leave the city in their hands.

27
Mayhem in Basra

• The insurgents called on Uthman ibn Huneif to
  evacuate the City according to agreement,
• Uthman ibn Huneif produced the letter of Ali, the
  Khalifa and refused to evacuate.
• The letter emphasized that no force was ever
  used.
• But the insurgents had already obtained a footing
  within the city.
• Arming themselves, they repaired to the Mosque
  for evening service, and,
• the night being dark and stormy, were not
  perceived until they had overpowered the
  bodyguard,
• The rebels entered the adjoining Palace, and made
  a prisoner of the governor Uthman ibn Huneif.
  They killed many guards and took the tools of
  war.
• To insult the Governor, they removed the hair of
  his eye brows, moustache, and beard.

28
Ali on the Way

• Finding that the insurgent troops, with A'isha,
  Zubair, and Talha had already passed,
• Ali halted for a while on the road to Basra,
  waiting for reinforcement, though he was joined
  on his march by certain loyal tribes.
• To Kufa, Ali addressed a special summons,
• inhabited as it was by many veterans on whose
  loyalty he might reasonably depend
• and he added force to the call by promising that
  Kufa should be his seat of government.
• "See," Ali wrote, "have I not chosen your city
  over all other cities for my own? Unto you do I
  look for succor, if haply peace and unity should
  again prevail as it behooves, among brethren in
  the faith."

29
In Kufa

• But the summons was at the first unheeded.
• The City was made up of many factions
• and from some of these factions the cry of
  A'isha, (demanding revenge for Uthman's blood),
  had already found response.
• Abu Musa, Kufas Governor, was unequal to the
  emergency.
• Loyal to the memory of Uthman, Abu Musa sought to
  allay the ferment by a neutral course,
• and he urged the citizens to join neither party,
  but instead remain at home.
• A second deputation meeting with no better
  success, Ali bethought him of sending his elder
  son Hasan, in Company with Ammar ibn Yasir, the
  former Governor of Kufa, to urge his cause.

30
Al-Hasan in Kufa

• Al-Hasan, son of Ali, was at the top of the
  pulpit, in the Grand Masjid of Kufa
• and Ammar was seated below him. All had gathered
  before him. And Ammar, the former Governor of
  Kufa was heard saying
• "A'isha has moved to Busra. By Allah! She is the
  wife of your Prophet in this world and in the
  Hereafter. But Allah has put you to test whether
  you obey him (Ali) or her (A'isha).
• Thus al-Hasan raised 9,000 men, then other units
  arrived as well, all joining Ali at his camp at
  Dhi Qaar.

31
The Appeal of al-Hasan

• The appeal of al-Hasan, grandson of Muhammad, had
  the desired effect.
• A tumult arose, and Abu Musa, unable to maintain
  his weak neutrality, was deposed.
• The Arab tribes rallied around the loyalists.
• Soon thousands of men, partly by land, partly by
  river, set out to join Ali, the Khalifa,
• who, advancing slowly, awaited their arrival.
• Thus reinforced, Ali was able to take the field
  effectively, and march on the rebellious city.

32
Battle of Jamal

• A'isha, Talha, and Zubair lead an uprising
• Ali meets the rebels near Basra
• Ali negotiates with them to prevent fighting
• Ali reminds Zubair of a Hadith, Zubair quits the
  rebels
• Ali sends the Quran to be the judge
• Person with the Quran is killed by A'isha
  fighters
• Fighting breaks out, the renouncers lose, battle
  almost over
• A'isha is suddenly present on a camel urging to
  fight Ali
• Fierce fighting erupts again, numerous casualties
• The camel is disabled, the battle abruptly comes
  to an end
• A'isha sent home in full respect

33
The Prophet had Said to Ali

• Ali had always remembered what the Prophet had
  told him about 25 years ago, and how his
  prediction was so accurate 
• The Prophet had said
•  ??? ??????  ?????????  ??????????  ????????????
• O' Ali, you will be obliged to fight against
• The renouncers ?????????
• The malicious ????????? and
• The deviants ???????????.
• (Al-Haakim, Mustadrak, vol. 3, page 139)

34
Face to Face

• Basra itself was not wholly hostile,
• and scores of the citizens came out to join the
  camp of Ali.
• The insurgent army, nearly equaling that of Ali,
• now marched forth with Talha and Zubair at their
  head,
• and A'isha herself seated in a well-fenced litter
  of the camel called Askar ???? . Askar was the
  camel given to her by the governor of Yemen who
  was dismissed by Ali.
• But Ali's thoughts were for peace if possible.
• The cry of Talha and Zubair was for vengeance
  against the murderers of Uthman
• and against these, Ali as yet did not deny that
  justice should be dealt. But he was obliged to
  temporize..

35
Ali Sends for Negotiations

• Ali had in his army great numbers of the very men
  who had risen against Uthman
• and he felt that to inflict punishment on them
  (as his adversaries required),
• would for the present be impossible.
• Holding these views, he halted, still some little
  way from Basra,
• and sent forward Al-QaQa' (who with other
  leaders of renown had joined him from Kufa)
• He sent Al-QaQa to expostulate with Talha and
  Zubair.

36
Negotiations

• Al-QaQa addressed them saying
• "Ye have already slain 60 men of Basra for the
  blood of Uthman and lo! to avenge their blood,
  6000 more have started up.
• Where is this internecine war to stop?
• It is peace and harmony that Islam needs now.
• Give that, and again the majesty of law shall be
  set up, and the guilty brought to justice."
• As he spoke, Zubair, Talha and A'isha returned
  word that if these really were the sentiments of
  Ali, they were ready to submit.
• After several days spent in such negotiations,
  Ali, glad at the prospect of a bloodless
  compromise, advanced.

37
Ali Face to Face with Talha and Zubair

• The army of A'isha remained encamped on the
  outskirts of the city.
• Ali's force, advancing unopposed, halted within
  sight
• and negotiations for peace went on, evidently
  substantial and sincere.
• Ali himself approached on horseback and Talha
  with Zubair rode forth to confer with him.
• "Wherefore have ye risen against me" said Ali
  "did ye not swear homage to me?" "Yea" replied
  Talha "but coerced into it and now we demand
  justice against the murderers of Uthman."
• Ali replied that he no less than they held the
  murderers of Uthman to be guilty he even cursed
  them in no measured terms, but added that for
  their punishment they must bide their time.

38
Ali Reminds Zubair

• Ali met Zubair and reminded him of the Prophet
  when 30 years earlier he said
• You will fight against Ali and to him you are
  atrocious.
• ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????
• ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????
  ????? ???? ???? ???? ???
• ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????
• ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????.
• Zubair suddenly recalled this.
• He abandoned his camp despite the attempts of his
  son to do otherwise.
• Zubair had left some distance, and was killed by
  Amr ibn Jarmouz while he was praying.

39
The Sudden shock

• Towards morning, a sudden shock changed the
  scene.
• The besiegers of Uthman, during the night,
  carried their design into execution.
• Led by them, squadrons of Bedouin lances bore
  down, while yet dark, upon the Basra tents.
• In a moment all was confusion.
• Each camp believed that it had been attacked by
  the other
• and the dawn found both armies drawn up, as the
  conspirators desired, in mortal combat against
  each other.

40
In Vain Ali Endeavors to Hold Back

• In vain Ali endeavored to hold back his men.
• The sense of treachery embittered the conflict.
• It was a strange engagement,the first in which
  Muslims had crossed swords with Muslims.
• It resembled a battle of the old Arab times, only
  that for tribal rivalry were now substituted
  other issues.
• Clans were broken up, and it became in some
  measure a contest between the two rival cities
• "The Benu Rabi'a of Kufa fought against the Benu
  Rabi'a of Basra,
• the Benu Modhar of the one against the Benu
  Modhar of the other,
• and so on, with the various tribes, and even with
  families,
• one part arrayed against the other.
• The fierceness and obstinacy of the battle can be
  only thus accounted for.

41
Al-Zubair

• The attitude of the leaders was in marked
  contrast with the bitter struggle of the ranks.
• Zubair, half-hearted since his interview with
  Ali, left the battlefield, and was killed in an
  adjoining valley.
• A man named Amr ibn Jarmouz had followed Zubair
  and murdered him while he performed Salat.
• When they brought to Ali the sword of Zubair, Ali
  cursed the man who took his life
• Ali called to mind the feats displayed by Zubair
  that wielded it in the early battles of Islam
• exclaimed"Many a time hath this sword driven
  care and sorrow from the Prophet's brow."

42
Urging the Rebels to Fight

• Marwan ibn al-Hakam shot his own general Talha
• who became disabled, and carried into Basra,
  where he died.
• Bereft of their leaders, the insurgent troops
  retreated to Basra.
• They were falling back upon the city, when they
  saw Aisha.
• A'isha on her part, was urging the insurgents to
  fight. She cried out over and over again, "Slay
  the killers of Uthman."
• The words ran through the retreating ranks,
• that "the Mother of the Faithful was in danger,"
  and they stayed their flight to help her. As a
  result
• Long the conflict raged around the camel.
• One after another of the warriors rushed to
  seize her standard one after another they were
  cut down. Of Quraish, 70 perished by the bridle.

43
Disabling the Camel

• Ali, perceiving that Aishas camel was the
  rallying-point of the insurgents, he immediately
• sent one of his captains to disable the camel
  right away, by cutting its legs So done
• the camel fell with a loud cry, the litter in
  which Aisha was seated was rescued, and
  suddenly
• the fighting ceased and the insurgents retired
  into the city.
• The litter, was taken down, and, by desire of
  Ali,
• It was placed in a retired spot,
• where A'isha's brother Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
  pitched a tent for her.

44
Digging a Trench for Burial

• Later a great trench was dug, and into it the
  dead were lowered, friends and foes alike.
• Ali, encamped for three days without the city,
  himself performed the funeral service.
• It was a new experience to bury the dead
• slain in battle not against the infidels, but
  believer fighting against believer, brother
  against brother.
• Instead of cursing the memory of his enemies, Ali
  spoke hopefully of the future state of such as
  had entered the field, on whatever side.
• When they brought him the sword of Zubair he
  cursed the man who took his life
• and calling to mind the feats displayed by the
  man that wielded it in the early battles of
  Islam, exclaimed"Many a time hath this sword
  driven care and sorrow from the Prophet's brow."

45
Mourning the Loss

• The Muslims might well mourn the memory both of
  Talha and Zubair,
• remembering how they defended at the peril of
  their own lives
• Their fall, and that of many of the Companions,
  was a loss to the Ummah itself,
• because it left the Quraish seriously weak in the
  struggle.
• yet to be fought out between them and those Arab
  tribes responsible for all the misunderstanding
  and Uthman's murder.
• Ali declared a general amnesty for all the rebels
• In this battle Ali restrained his men from taking
  any war booty
• and all property found on the battle ground was
  gathered in the mosque of Basra, from where the
  owners could claim their possessions

46
Alis Generosity to the Fallen

• The bearing of Ali was generous towards his
  fallen foe.
• Having entered the city, he divided the contents
  of the treasury amongst the troops which had
  fought on his side,
• promising them a still larger reward "when the
  Lord should have delivered Syria (Mu'awiya) into
  his hands.
• But otherwise he treated friends and foes alike,
• and buried in oblivion animosities of the past.
• Marwan and the adherents of the house of Benu
  Umayya were set free.
• They fled to their homes, or else went to join
  Mu'awiya against Ali.

47
A'isha Taken Back in Respect

• Aisha was taken back to Medina in full respect,
  since she was the Prophet's wife, the mother of
  the faithful. 
• Many guardians were sent with her, about 30 of
  whom were special. 
• The guardians were under the leadership of her
  own brother, Muhammad son of Abu Bakr. 
• Aishas brother, Muhammad son of Abu Bakr was on
  Ali's side
• and had fought against her! 

48
A'isha Discovers then

• After a few weeks of hard travel A'isha arrived
  in Medina, tired and emotionally drained. 
• She discovered then that the about 30 guards who
  were close in her service,
• who looked like men, were actually women dressed
  in men's clothes! 
• It was out of respect for her, being the
  Prophet's wife, that Ali had ordered such special
  arrangement! 
• How clever, even at such circumstances! 
• A'isha had complained to her friends that Ali put
  that many guards (men) close to her. 
• Hearing that, the guards disclosed their
  identitythat they actually were females but
  dressed like males. 
• Seeing that, A'isha fell in Sujood thanking Allah
  for Ali's favor to her.

49
The Only Class Dissatisfied

• The only class dissatisfied was that of the
  slaves and rabble,
• who murmured at having no share in the treasure,
• nor any chance of plunder
• since with the just and fair Ali at the helm,
  plunder was ruled out.
• These, gathering into marauding bands, occasioned
  much disquietude to the Khalifa,
• and hastened his departure from the city, with
  the view of checking the mischief they were bent
  on.

50
In Sermon 22,Ali about the Renouncers
??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????.
About those who renounced their pledge to him Beware! Satan has started to instigate his parties and has collected his forces So that inequity may reach the extreme and the wrong may come back to its position. By Allah they have not put a correct blame on me, nor have they done justice between me and themselves.
51
In Conclusion

• Ali and the Battle of Jamal
• Umm Salama Warns Aisha
• The Howab
• Mayhem in Basra
• Ali Sends for Negotiations
• Ali Face to Face with Talha and Zubair
• Ali Reminds Zubair
• The Sudden shock
• Urging the Rebels to Fight
• Disabling the Camel
• Digging a Trench for Burial
• Alis Generosity to the Fallen

52
Finally we quote the Quran
By the Token of Time Verily Man is in loss, Except those who believe and do good works, and exhort one another to Truth and exhort one another to patience. ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????
53
THANK YOU

• Be in Gods Care
• Dr. A.S. Hashim