Muscles

1
Muscles

• GCSE PE

2
Types of muscle

• Cardiac
• Involuntary
• Voluntary

Voluntary muscle
Cardiac muscle
3
Muscle types

• Cardiac
• Involuntary
• Voluntary

• Smooth muscle
• Found only in the heart
• Never fatigues
• Work automatically

• Smooth muscle
• Make up the organs,
• blood vessels,
• intestines
• Work automatically

• Striated muscle
• Attach to the skeleton
• Work under conscious
• control

4
Structure of skeletal muscle
5
Muscle groups
Can you identify some of the major muscle groups
on these drawings?
6
Now try the Active Challenge at the bottom of
page 133 in Folens GCSE PE for Edexcel
7
Muscle table
Muscle Location (where is it found?) Function (what does it do?)










Choose two each from the arms, legs, back front
and any two others
Try to remember the names of the bones or joints
underneath the muscles
8
Types of muscle fibre

• Fast twitch
• Contract quickly
• Tire easily
• Slow twitch
• Contract slowly
• Keep going for a long time

9
Compare and contrast

• Fast twitch
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

• Slow twitch
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Fill in what you can and then read page 136 in
your text for more ideas
10
Muscles at work

• Muscles work in pairs
• Muscles attach to at least two different bones
• Muscles attach to bones via tendons
• Muscles can only pull
• The end of the muscle that is fixed is called the
  origin
• The end of the muscle that moves is called the
  insertion

11
Muscle pairs in action

• Antagonistic pairing
• Right click on the hyperlink to open it in a new
  window
• The muscle that contracts is called the agonist
• The muscle that relaxes is called the antagonist

12
Now complete Tasks 4 and 5 on page 135 in
Folens GCSE PE for Edexcel
13
Muscle tone

• Muscles rarely relax completely
• Their constant state of readiness is called
  muscle tone
• Muscle tone helps with maintaining good posture
• Good posture is important for general health and
  also important in many sports
• Now read page 137 and complete task 7