Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System

1
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System

• Chapter 9

2
ROOT

• stetho, thoraco- chest
• angio, vaso- vessel
• arterio- artery
• arteriole- arteriole
• atrio- atrium
• cardio- heart
• phlebo, vene, veni, veno- vein

3
Cardiovascular System (CVS)

• Heart (_______________)
• Blood vessels
• Blood
• ________________________

4
Base craniodorsal
G I R A F F E
CAT
Apex ventral and L of midline

• Acts as a pump to circulate the blood throughout
  the body
• To nourish the tissues and remove their waste
  products
• -Made of cardiac muscle (involuntary, striated)
• -Hollow, 4-chambered organ
• -Size varies with species
• -located in the thoracic cavity 

5
PERICARDIUM

• __________________ THAT COVERS THE HEART
• The pericardium itself (outside)
• Parietal layer lines the _________ pericardium
• Visceral layer (____________) directly covers
  the hearts surface
• Between the parietal and visceral layers is the
  _________________________

6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
HEART WALL

• EPICARDIUM (________ layer of membrane)
• MYOCARDIUM (muscle)
• ENDOCARDIUM (______________________________)

9
CANINE WITH CARDIOMEGALY
NORMAL CANINE HEART
10
There are 4 chambers within the heart -The 2
craniodorsal chambers are ATRIA -The 2
caudoventral chambers are VENTRICLES -The heart
is divided into right and left sides -The
INTERATRIAL SEPTUM divides the 2 atria and the
INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM divides the 2
ventricles  
11
CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

• The ATRIA are ____________________ chambers for
  blood
• _______________ walled
• The VENTRICLES are _______________ chambers
• ____________________ walled
• left ventricle is ________________ because it is
  responsible for pumping blood throughout the body
  (except the lungs, which is done by the right
  ventricle)
• The RIGHT side of the heart receives blood from
  the bodys tissues and sends it to the lungs to
  be ______________________
• The LEFT side of the heart receives the
  oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it out
  to the ________________________

12
(No Transcript)
13
THERE ARE 4 MAIN VALVES IN THE HEART

• ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES separate the
  __________from the _________________
• their job is to prevent backflow of blood into
  the atria
• ____________________ the valve that separates
  the LEFT atrium from the LEFT ventricle
• It is also called the BICUSPID valve as it has 2
  flaps
• _______________________(3 flaps) the valve that
  separates the RIGHT atrium from the RIGHT
  ventricle is
• SEMILUNAR VALVES are half-moon shaped
• They are located at the base of the pulmonary
  artery (_____________) and the base of the aorta
  (_________________)
• They function to prevent backflow from the major
  arteries into the ventricles

14
a- rt. atrium, b- left atrium, 1- superior vena
cava, 3- ascending aorta f-pulmonar?y trunk g-
left pulmonary artery h- left pulmonary vein K-
pulmonary semilunar valve L- tricuspid valve M-
bicuspid (mitral) valve
15
BLOOD CIRCULATION

• SYSTEMIC left ventricle ? aorta ? arteries ?
  arterioles ? capillaries of the body ? venules ?
  veins ? right atrium ?
• ARTERIES ? ARTERIOLES ? CAPILLARIES ? VENULES ?
  VEINS
• PULMONARY right atrium ? right ventricle ?
  pulmonary artery ? lung arterioles ? lung
  capillaries ? lung venules ? pulmonary veins ?
  left atrium ? left ventricle

16
BLOOD CIRCULATION

• ARTERIES
• carry ______________________ blood (with
  exception of the ______________________) AWAY
  from the heart to the body
• walls are THICK 
• VEINS
• transport ____________________________blood
  (with exception of the ___________________) BACK
  to the heart
• thin, elastic walls
• have valves to prevent backflow of blood
• As ARTERIES branch and become smaller, they
  become ARTERIOLES.
• ARTERIOLES then branch and become smaller, into
  CAPILLARIES.
• Capillaries have very thin walls and they
  distribute oxygen to the tissues while picking up
  the CO2 from the tissues (unoxygenated) and
  branch into larger structures called VENULES.
• Venules empty into larger structures called
  VEINS, which return blood to the heart
• ___________________? _______________?
  _________________? ______________?
  _______________

17
ARTERIES carry OXYGENATED blood (with exception
of the Pulmonary Artery) AWAY from the heart to
the body walls are THICK 
As ARTERIES branch and become smaller, they
become ARTERIOLES gtARTERIOLES then branch and
become smaller, into CAPILLARIES gtCapillaries
have very thin walls and they distribute ________
to the tissues while picking up the
_____________from the tissues (unoxygenated) and
branch into larger structures called VENULES
gtVenules empty into larger structures calledgt
VEINS, which return blood to the heart ARTERIES
? ARTERIOLES ? CAPILLARIES ? VENULES ? VEINS
VEINS transport DEOXYGENATED blood (with
exception of the Pulmonary Vein) BACK to the
heart thin, elastic walls have valves to prevent
backflow of blood
18
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________________________________________________

• http//www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/impor
  ts/HTML/lifebeatonline/winter2007/learning.shtmlf
  ig1

19
CONDUCTION SYSTEM of electrical impulses

• SINOATRIAL NODE is the pacemaker of the heart and
  where the heartbeat originates and the rate is
  regulated
• located in the _________________________________
• The impulses make the atria ______________________
  ___________
• ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE is in the _____________near
  the lower portion of the interatrial septum
• the electrical impulse from the SA node affects
  the AV node, which then transmits the impulse to
  the
• ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE (BUNDLE OF HIS)
• this is located in the ___________________________
  ________
• the ventricles now _______________ as the impulse
  is carried
• throughout the ventricles via the
  ____________________________

20

• http//video.about.com/heartdisease/Conduction-Sys
  tem.htm

21
NERVE FUNCTION ON HEART

• PNS
• Via SA and AV node
• _________ HR
• ______________ impulse conduction
• ________________ coronary arteries

• SN
• Via cardiac nerves
• SA and AV node
• INCREASES HR
• INCREASES impulse conduction
• DILATES coronary arteries

22
CARDIAC CYCLE

• The atria contract in ___________ and the
  ventricles contract in _______________
• The atria and ventricles do not contract at the
  same time (as one group contracts, the other
  relaxes)
• ATRIAL contraction __________________ through the
  bicuspid and tricuspid valves
• While this is occurring, the semilunar valves
  __________________
• The ventricles _______________ at this time 
• VENTRICULAR contraction sends blood through the
  semilunar valves into the ________________________
  __________
• While this is occurring, the bicuspid and
  tricuspid valves _________________
• The atria ____________ at this time and blood
  enters the atria from the vena cava and
  pulmonary veins
• SYSTOLE ____________________ of the atria and
  ventricles
• blood is being _________________ from the heart
• DIASTOLE ___________________ of the atria and
  ventricles -heart is ______________ with blood

23
BLOOD PRESSURE

• SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE
• produced by the blood pressing against artery
  walls while the ____________________________
• DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE
• produced by the blood pressing against artery
  walls while the ____________________________
• ________TENSION elevated blood pressure
• _________TENSION low blood pressure