Exploring 2 Types of Bonds

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Exploring 2 Types of Bonds

• Science 10
• Chemistry Unit

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There are 2 types of bonds

1. Ionic bonds
2. Covalent (or molecular) bonds

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Ionic Bonds

• Ionic bonds are formed when one or more electrons
  are transferred from one atom to another atom.
• This produces positively
• and negatively charged
• particles called ions.

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• The forces of attraction that bind oppositely
  charged ions together are called ionic bonds.
• Ionic bonds generally occur between metals and
  nonmetals (cations and anions).
• Anions and cations are held together in an ionic
  bond due to electrostatic forces --- oppositely
  charged force fields resulting from the
  oppositely charged ions.

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Examples

1. NaCl
2. Fe2O3
3. BaF2

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Covalent Bonding

• Involves the sharing of electrons.
• It involves the bonds formed between a non-metal
  and a non-metal (or metalloid).

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Important

• Since these bonding non-metals (or metalloids)
  wish to gain electrons to become like a noble
  gas, and they cant gain electrons from each
  other at the same time, they must share their
  electrons so they can both become like a noble
  gas.
• These compounds or molecules that are formed are
  neutralthey have no charge.

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Examples

1. H2O (water)
2. CO2 (carbon dioxide)
3. O2 (oxygen)

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Nomenclature

• Different classes of compounds have different
  rules for naming. 
• Before naming a compound, it is important to
  check which class it belongs to so that you will
  use the appropriate set of rules.

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Rules for Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

• To use this set of rules, the compound must be a
  molecular or covalent compound. 
• In other words, it must be a non-metal a
  non-metal (or metalloid) compound

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Rules

• Name the first element as the name you see on
  your periodic table.
• Name the second element as you see it in your
  Periodic Table of Ionsthe 2nd element always
  ends in -ide
• Use numerical prefixes to show how many of each
  atom is present in the molecule.
• Mono- is frequently or often, omitted. 
• Write these on the file cards then place them
  in your plastic sheath.

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Prefix Number of Atoms in Compound
Mono- 1
Di- 2
Tri- 3
Tetra- 4
Penta- 5
Hexa- 6
Hepta- 7
Octa- 8
Nona- 9
Deca- 10
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• Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
• Write the names of the following covalent
  compounds
• SO3 _______________________________________
• N2S _______________________________________
• PH3 _______________________________________
• BF3 _______________________________________
• P2Br4 ______________________________________
• CO ________________________________________
• SiO2 _______________________________________
• SF6 _______________________________________
• NH3 _______________________________________
• NO2 ________________________________________

Sulphur trioxide
Dinitrogen monosulfide
Phosphorous trihydride
Boron trifluoride
Diphosphorous tetrabromide
Carbon monoxide
silicon dioxide
Sulphur hexafluoride
Nitrogen trihydride or Ammonia
nitrogen dioxide
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• Formula Writing of Binary Molecular Compounds
• nitrogen trichloride ________________________
• boron monocarbide __________________________
• dinitrogen trioxide ________________________
• phosphorus pentafluoride __________________
• methane ______________________________
• sulfur dibromide _________________________
• diboron tetrahydride ______________________
• oxygen difluoride _________________________
• carbon disulfide __________________________

NCl3
BC
N2O3
PF5
CH4
SBr2
B2H4
OF2
CS2