Feudal%20Japan

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Korea and Vietnam
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Descent

• From hunting and herding peoples of Siberia and
  Manchuria.not Mongolia

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Chinese introduction

• 109 BCE
• Earliest Korean kingdom conquered by the Emperor
  Wudi
• Korea divided into three states
• - Koguryo North, resisted Chinese rule,
  constantly at war with southern half
• - Silla and Paekche Southern states

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Sinification

• Sinification extensive adoption of Chinese
  culture
• Sinfication of Korea
• Adopted buddhism
• Chinese writing introduced
• Unifed law code
• Established universities
• Chinese style bureaucracy

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Tang Alliances

• Made alliance with Silla
• 668 CE Silla became independent rulers of united
  Korea, until early 20th century
• Regular tribute
• Submission as vassal to emperor
• China withdrew from Korea

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Tribute

• Chinese influence peaked with Silla (668-918) and
  Koryo dynasty (918-1392)
• Tribute guaranteed continued peace
• Major channel of trade and intercultural exchange

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Korean Elite Culture

• Kumsong capital rebuilt by Silla to resemble
  Tang capital
• Aristocrats
• Mostly located in capital
• Studied in Chinese schools
• Pursued arts/entertainment
• Reproduced Chinese art
• Positions in government by virtue of birth and
  family connections, rather than knowledge

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Civilization of the few

• Imports from China monopolized by elite
• Filled most positions in bureaucracy
• Dominated life in the kingdom
• Artisans/Merchants limited life styles
• Artisans considered lower status and poorly pai
• Merchants weak, never formed distinctive class
• Classes aristocrats, government functionaries,
  commoners, near-slaves

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Koryo collapse

• 1231 CE Mongol invasions
• Yi dynasty formed
• Established in 1392
• Ruled until 1910
• Restored aristocratic domincance and links to
  China

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Making of Vietnam

• Nam Viet
• Name given by Chinese
• Meaning peoples in the south
• Chinese left little lasting initial presence,
  except in trade
• Silk for
• Ivory
• Tortoise shells
• Pearls
• Peacock feathers
• Aromatic woods
• Other exotics
• Ethnicity of Vietnamese
• Intermarried with Mon-Khmer and Tai peoples to
  form ethnic identity of today

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Cultural features

• Language not related to Chinese
• Strong village autonomy
• Favored nuclear family
• No clan networks
• Women had more freedom and influence
• Dressed differently
• Enjoyed cockfights
• Chewed betel nut
• Developed and refined art, literature, and poetry
  separate from China

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Sinification of Vietnam

• China left along until 111 BCE
• Vietnamese elite realized learning potential and
  cooperated
• Developed
• Bureaucracy
• Chinese-style schools
• Wrote in Chinese script
• Memorized classics
• Took administrative exams
• Introduced cropping and irrigation techniques
• Eventually adopted extended family model and
  veration of ancestors

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Winning Independence

• Resistance movements common
• Writing and poetry filled with determination
  against Chinese dominance
• Trang Sisters revolt 39 CE
• 939 CE massive rebellion that secured
  Vietnamese independence
• Maintained until 19th century with invasion of
  the French and Roman Catholicism
• Two capitals
• Hanoi Trinh family rule
• Hue Nguyen family rule
• Both had goals to unite Vietnam under single
  monarchy