What Characteristics do all Living Things Share?

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What Characteristics do all Living Things Share?

• All living things have a cellular organization.
• A cell is the basic unit of life.
• Unicellular- one celled (i.e. bacteria)
• Multicellular- more than one cell (i.e. animals)

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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes are organisms that DO NOT have a
  nucleus. Ex. Bacteria
• Eukaryotes are organisms that have a nucleus. Ex.
  Animals, humans, plants

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• Cells are composed of chemicals.
• Water- the most abundant
• Carbohydrates- for energy
• Proteins and lipids- building materials
• Nucleic Acids- contain genetic material

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• Living things react to stimuli.
• A stimulus is something in the environment
  that causes a reaction, or a response.
• A response is an action or change in behavior.

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• Living things grow and develop.
• Growth- an increase in the size of an organism.
• Development- a progressive change in an organism
  over time.

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• All living things have the ability to reproduce.
• All living things arise from other living things.

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The theory of Spontaneous Generation, which
proposed that life can appear spontaneously from
non-living things, was disproved by experiments
performed by Redi and Pasteur.
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Life Comes from Life

• Living things come from living things.
• 400 years ago people though that living things
  came from non-living things (Spontaneous
  Generation).
• Francisco Redi, Louis Pasteur did experiments to
  disprove this theory.

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Redis Experiment
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Louis Pasteur

• Invented a process where bacteria could be
  removed by boiling and then cooling liquid. Ex.
  The milk you drink is pasteurized.
• He also developed vaccinations for anthrax,
  cholera, TB, smallpox, and rabies.

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• All living things use energy.
• Energy is used to nourish, repair and create new
  cells.
• We obtain energy from converting the foods that
  we eat into energy that can be used by the cells.

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How do Organisms Obtain Food for Energy?

• Autotrophs- make their own food (Plants).
• Heterotrophs- obtain food from other sources.
  (like us)
• Herbivore- eat plants.
• Carnivore- eat animals (meat).
• Omnivore- eat plants and animals.

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• All living things will die.
• One of the realities of life is that all life
  eventually comes to an end. This process is
  called Expiration.

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What do All Living Things Need to Survive?

• Water
• Food (energy)
• Living space
• Stable internal conditions (Homeostasis)

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Homeostasis

• The maintenance of stable internal conditions
  despite changes in the environment (maintaining a
  balance in your body.)

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More terms

• Taxonomy- the scientific study of how living
  things are classified.
• Binomial nomenclature-
• Naming system in which each organism has a
  two-part name.
• Genus and species
• Ex Canis familiaris (dog)

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• Stimulus- a change in an organisms surrounding
  that cause an organism to react.
• Response-a reaction to a stimulus
• Structure-the way an organism is made
• Ex Bacterial cells are rod-like.

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• When classifying
• Use observable characteristics
• DNA
• Structure
• When they are closely related, they share the
  same DNA.

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• Classification- the process of grouping things
  based on their similarities.
• Why classify?
• Because its easier for scientists to study.