The Climate System

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The Climate System
Ecological Climatology

• Lecture 1

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Why does climate vary from place to place?
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Why does climate vary from place to place?
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Why does climate vary from place to place?
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Why does climate vary from place to place?
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Ocean Circulation
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Why does climate vary from place to place?
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Causes of Climate Change
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Earths Orbital Characteristics

• Gradual changes in the tilt of Earths axis
  relative to its orbit around the sun at a cycle
  of 41,000 years

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Earths Orbital Characteristics

• Gradual changes in the eccentricity of Earths
  orbit around the sun occur at a cycle of 100,000
  years

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Earths Orbital Characteristics

• Changes in the timing of the Perihelion and
  Aphelion cause changes in the amount of solar
  radiation received on 22,000 year cycle

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Methane

• Orbital monsoon theory
• more sun ? more monsoon ? more methane
• less sun ? less monsoon ? less methane

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Methane

• Agriculture originated independently in areas
  shown in black

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Carbon Dioxide
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Carbon Dioxide

• By 2,000 years ago, sophisticated forms of
  agriculture were practiced in naturally forested
  areas of China, India, southern Europe, and
  Mediterranean North Africa

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Overdue Glaciation
A natural cooling trend in the Northern
Hemisphere should have passed the threshold for
initiated a new glaciation several thousand years
ago
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Overdue Glaciation
When greenhouse gases of human origin are
removed From the atmosphere in a climate-model
run
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Overdue Glaciation
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Impacts of Disease of Climate