Industrial and Technological Boom Questions to answer

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Industrial and Technological BoomQuestions to
answer

• Why did peoples daily lives change in the
  decades following the Civil War?
• How did advances in electric power and
  communication affect life for people and
  businesses?
• What effects did the development of railroads
  have on industrial growth?
• What was the impact of the Bessemer process on
  America?

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3 Factors lead to an Industrial Boom in the late
1800s in America

• A wealth of natural resources
• Oil gasoline fuel industry
• Coal
• Timber

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• 2. An explosion of ingenuity and inventions A
  higher standard of living
• 3. Growth of urban population growth of cities
  new markets for products consumerism

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Increased Demand

1. Growth of new ideas and inventions increased
   demand
2. With all of the new innovation and inventions a
   patent system was necessary to protect inventors
   ingenuity
3. Patent licenses that give an inventor exclusive
   right to make, use, or sell an invention for a
   set period of time
4. Between 1790-1860, the fed. Govt. issues just
   36,000 patents
5. 1860-1890 500,000 patents issued

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• Secrecy was a must fortunes could be made off
  innovations
• Without this technological boom, the Industrial
  Revolution would NOT have been possible!

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Investors help expansion

1. European and American business leaders invest.
2. Combination of financial backing and ingenuity
   create new industries and expand on old ones.
3. Increased industrial productivity American
   standard of living goes up

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Industrialization

• 1. Rapid expansion of industry increased
  standard of living by 1890.
• a. Work week reduced by 10 hours
• b. New opportunities in recreation more
  demand for technology (phonograph, bicycle,
  camera)

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Check out these innovations

• How do they impact your life today?

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Morse Code
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The Telegraph

• 1844, Samuel Morse successfully completes the 1st
  telegraph message
• By 1900, the Western Union Telegraph Company
  owned more than 900,000 miles of wire and made 63
  million telegraph messages a year!

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The Telephone

• Alexander Graham Bell patents the talking
  telegraph in 1876.
• 1885 American Telephone and Telegraph Co. build
  long distance lines
• By 1900, 1.5 million telephones were in use

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Alexander Graham Bell
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First telephone
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Question

• Where would communication be today without Morse
  and Bell?

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Phonograph
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1. Thomas Edison, introduces the phonograph in 1877
2. Best known for his work with electricity
3. In 1880, Edison produced light in a sealed glass
   bulb (light bulb).
4. Used a workable filament made of bamboo fiber
5. Indoor lighting now possible?

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Thomas Edison in Menlo Park, NJ
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Question

• What would life be like today without indoor
  lighting?
• What affect would it have on our social lives?
• What affect would it have on business?
• What would you miss the most without electricity?

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Indoor lighting changes rhythm of life

• No indoor lighting in 1865, rising and setting of
  sun dictated daily activities, business, etc.
• Imagine life without the benefits of
  refrigeration!

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Expansion of Electricity

• Central Power Stations
• - used to provide electricity for lamps,
  fans, printing presses, and other new appliances
• 2. Lewis Latimer improved on light bulb (son of
  an escaped slave)
• 3. George Westinghouse 1885 use of a
  transformer to provide long distance power for
  home use (alternating current)

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Two Major Companies Expand Electricity

• By 1898, General Electric and Westinghouse
  Electric power stations were lighting 2 million
  light bulbs across the land

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Impact

• Productivity in business increased produce more
  in less time cost decreases
• Employment opportunities
• Household appliances such as refrigerator
• Rural areas lagged behind

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Oil fuels industrial boom

• Edwin L. Drake use of steam engine to drill for
  oil
• Titusville, PA 1858
• Prior obtaining oil time-consuming expensive

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• 1859, Drake struck oil and it soon became a major
  industry
• A by-product of turning crude oil into kerosene
  was gasoline, but would be viewed as a waste
  product until the automobile

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Edwin L. Drake
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Drakes well in Titusville, PA
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Industrial Rev would change Transportation

• Old methods?
• Canals connected rivers
• Horse drawn wagons
• Slow, inefficient, and expensive!

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• Robert Fulton first steamboat Clermont 1807
• Western and southern farmers could ship their
  good around the world
• Erie Canal 1825 people could travel easily
  between Atlantic coast and Great Lakes
• Roads were built

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Rise of Railroads

1. Industrial expansion and technological boom
   increased demand for shipping routes to new
   markets expansion of railroad industry

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Railroads

• Early Locomotive steam engine on wheels
• a. Could pull many cars at once
• b. Could hold people or freight
• Gave reliable way to transport goods
• Created millions of new jobs
• Helped farmers get produce to markets faster
• Travel took less time
• People traveled more for pleasure

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• Railroads 1828 Baltimore and Ohio Line (B O)
• Advances in communication came next, postal
  service, regular mail delivery

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Growth of Railroads

• Major expansion during and after Civil War
• Completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad
  on May 10, 1869 at Promontory Summit, Utah after
  7 years of construction.
• Most workers were immigrants Chinese
• Government funded most of project
• Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad
  companies

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Promontory Summit, Utah 1869
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Technological Advances expand railroads

• Track gages and signals
• Air brake systems
• Granville Woods telegraph system for
  communication of moving trains
• Growth of railroads leads to development of towns
  in west
• Time zones created to improve scheduling

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• Soon networks of communication developed
  magazines, newspapers, and books literacy rate
  up!
• All contributed to the Industrialization of
  America.
• The USA became a major textile producer because
  of cotton production

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Question

• What impact might improved transportation have on
  business?
• What impact might it have on families and social
  life?

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Expansion of Business

• Growth of business easier to ship goods lower
  shipping costs further expansion of business

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Bessemer Process

• 1856 Henry Bessemer create steel from scrap
  metal more durable
• Iron rails would be replaced by steel
• Melt iron, add carbon and remove impurities
• Steel was lighter, stronger, and more flexible

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Henry Bessemer
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Steel leads to mass production

• New age of building begins
• Steel bridges (Brooklyn Bridge 1883)
• Skyscrapers (Chicago Reliance Building 1890)
• 16 stories, the way our cities/country looks
  changes

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Construction of Brooklyn Bridge