COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF MINERALS

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COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF MINERALS

• CHAP 5
• SECTION 2

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BLUE TOPAZ
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MINERAL 1. NATURALLY OCCURRING 2. SOLID
3. ATOMS ARRANGED IN ORDERLY PATTERN
(CRYSTALLINE) 4. WITH DEFINITE CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION 5. INORGANIC
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• MOST COMMON CRUSTAL ELEMENTS
• MASS VOLUME
• OXYGEN 47 94
• SILICON 28 17
• ALUMINUM 8 1
• IRON 5 .5
• OXYGEN AND SILICON ARE FOUND IN 90 OF ALL
  MINERALS

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NATIVE MINERAL OCCUR IN NATURE IN ELEMENTAL
FORM (Au, Ag, Cu, S, C)
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MINERAL FORMATION
1. MOLTEN MATERIAL COOLING 2. EVAPORATION OF
WATER 3. HEAT, PRESURE OR CHEMICAL
ACTION
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CRYSTAL FORMATION
Watch a Snowflake Grow
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• CRYSTAL REGULAR GEOMETRIC PATTERN WITH SMOOTH
  SURFACES REFLECTING ARRANGEMENT OF INTERNAL ATOMS
• THERE ARE 7 MAJOR CRYSTAL SYSTEMS
• SIZE DEPENDS ON
• COOLING RATE (SLOW LARGE AND FAST SMALL)
• AND ORDER OF SOLIDIFICATION (FIRST LARGEST,
  LAST SMALLEST)

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ORDER OF SOLIDIFICATION
Limited Space for Growth
FACTORS AFFECTING CRYSTAL GROWTH
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IRON PYRITE
FOOLS GOLD
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HALITE NaCl
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FLOURITE
QUARTZ