North and South

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North and South

• The Norths Economy
• p.386 - 390

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Industrialization

• By the early 1800s, changes took place in the
  Northern states.
• Power-driven machinery performed many tasks that
  were once done by hand.
• The industrialization of the North developed in
  three phases
• 1- manufacturers made products by dividing the
  tasks involved among the workers.
• 2- manufacturers built factories to bring
  specialized workers together.
• 3- factory workers used machinery to perform some
  of their work.

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Industrialization

• Mass production of cotton textiles began in New
  England in the early 1800s with the invention of
  the sewing machine (Elias Howe).
• Machine operators could produce clothing on a
  large scale.
• By 1860 the Northeasts factories produced at
  least two-thirds of the countries manufactured
  goods.

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Improved Transportation

• Improvements in transportation contributed to the
  success of many of Americas new industries.
• Between 1800 and 1850, construction crews built
  thousands of miles of roads and canals.
• The canals opened new shipping routes by
  connecting many lakes and rivers.
• The growth of the railroads in the 1840s and
  1850s also helped to speed the flow of goods.
• Robert Fulton demonstrated a reliable steamboat
  that carried goods and passengers more cheaply
  and quickly along inland waterways.

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Improved Transportation

• In the 1840s canals were widened and deepened to
  accommodate steamboats.
• In the 1840s sailing ships were improved.
• The clipper ships with sleek hulls and tall
  sails could sail 300 miles per day, as fast as
  most steamships of the day.
• The ships got their name because they clipped
  time from long journeys.

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Locomotives

• The development of railroads in the United States
  began with short stretches of tracks that
  connected mines with nearby rivers.
• Peter Cooper designed and built the first
  American steam locomotive in 1830 called the Tom
  Thumb.
• In 1840 the United States had almost 3,000 miles
  of railroad track.
• By 1860 it had almost 31,000 miles, mostly in
  the North and the Midwest.
• By 1860 a network of railroad track united the
  Midwest and the East.

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Moving Goods and People

• The development of the east-west canal and the
  rail network allowed grain, livestock, and dairy
  products to move directly from the Midwest to the
  East.
• Goods now traveled faster and more cheaply so
  manufacturers in the East could offer them at
  lower prices.
• The railroads also played an important role in
  the settlement and industrialization of the
  Midwest.
• As the population of these states grew, new towns
  and industries developed.

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Faster Communication

• The growth of industry and the new pace of travel
  created a need for faster methods of
  communications.
• The telegraph- and apparatus that used electric
  signals to transmit messages- filled that need.
• Samuel Morse invented the telegraph and used
  Morse code to transmit messages.
• Americans adopted the telegraph eagerly and
  erected telegraph lines.

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Revolution in Agriculture

• Advances in technology allowed farmers to greatly
  increase their harvest.
• Three revolutionary inventions of the 1830s
  changed farming methods and encouraged settlers
  to cultivate large areas of the West.
• Steel-tipped plow
• Thresher
• Mechanical reaper
• The steel-tipped plow was developed by John
  Deere. The plow easily cut through the
  hard-packed sod of the prairies.

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McCormicks Reaper

• For hundreds of years, farmers had harvested
  grain with handheld sickles.
• Cyrus McCormick created a reaper that could
  harvest grain much faster than a hand-operated
  sickle.
• Because farmers could harvest wheat so quickly,
  they began planting more of it. Growing wheat
  became profitable.
• The thresher quickly separated the grain from the
  stalk.

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McCormicks Reaper

• Despite improvements in agriculture the North
  turned away from farming and increasingly toward
  industry.
• It was difficult making a living farming the
  rocky soil of New England, but industry
  flourished in the area.
• The number of people who worked in factories
  continued to rise so did problems connected
  with factory labor.