PEARL HARBOR Oahu, Hawaii

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PEARL HARBOROahu, Hawaii

• DEC. 7TH 1941
• A date which will live in infamy, President
  Franklin D. Roosevelt

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Outcome

• SWBAT
• describe the events of Pearl Harbor and how it
  led to the U.S. entering the war on the Allied
  Power side.

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Today

• Finish Holocaust..
• Power point/video (20 min)
• DI Drill (thinking map, letter/diary entry,
  analysis of Holocaust) (15 min)
• Transition (make connection to pearl harbor)
• Pearl Harbor
• Gallery walk (15 min)
• Teacher led discussion/powerpoint
• Videos (30 min)
• DI activity (thinking map, letter/diary entry,
  analysis of attack.) (15 min)
• Exit ticket (5 min)

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General Facts

• The attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on December
  7, 1941.
• The Japanese attacked the United States without
  warning.
• The attack lasted 110 minutes, from 755 a.m.
  until 945 a.m.
• A total of 2,335 U.S. servicemen were killed and
  1,143 were wounded. Sixty-eight civilians were
  also killed and 35 were wounded.
• The Japanese lost 65 men, with an additional
  soldier being captured.
• Pearl Harbor is on the south side of the Hawaiian
  island of Oahu and is the home to a U.S. naval
  base.
• The attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United
  States into World War II

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Why?

• The Western Countries led by the US had imposed
  meager sanctions on Japan because of its invasion
  of China. This hampered the Japanese military
  operations. Japan entered into diplomatic
  negotiations with US to break the impasse. They
  used this time to launch an attack on Pearl
  Harbor.
• Early warning radar was new technology. 
  Japanese planes were spotted by radar before the
  attack, but they were assumed to be a flight of
  American B-17s due in from the West Coast
• The Japanese wanted to take out the US Pacific
  Fleet .
• The Japanese Navy was stronger in the Pacific in
  1941 than the combination of all other nations.
  The Japanese army and air force had four years of
  combat experience and weapons development in
  warfare in China.
• The Japanese Navy had ten battleships and ten
  aircraft carriers. We had in the Pacific eight
  battleships and three aircraft carriers, you get
  the idea. After Pearl Harbor, we had zero
  battleships in service in the Pacific.
• The goal of Pearl Harbor was not to war with the
  US, but to discourage the US from going to war
  with Japan.

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Japan and the Attack on Pearl Harbor

• Plans for a surprise attack against the United
  States were begun as early as January of 1941.
• Although it was Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
  who initiated the plans for the attack against
  Pearl Harbor, Commander Minoru Genda was the
  plan's chief architect.
• The Japanese used the codename "Operation Hawaii"
  for the attack on Pearl Harbor. This later
  changed to "Operation Z."
• The Japanese specifically chose to attack on a
  Sunday because they believed Americans would be
  more relaxed and thus less alert on a weekend.

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• The Japanese attack force stationed itself
  approximately 230 miles north of the Hawaiian
  island of Oahu.
• The Japanese launched their airplanes in two
  waves, approximately 45 minutes apart.
• The first wave of Japanese planes struck Pearl
  Harbor at 755 a.m. The second wave reached Pearl
  Harbor around 840 a.m.
• When Japanese Commander Mitsuo Fuchida called
  out, "Tora! Tora! Tora!" ("Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!")
  upon flying over Pearl Harbor, it was a message
  to the entire Japanese navy telling them they had
  caught the Americans totally by surprise

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Facts About the Battleships

• The main target of the Japanese was to be the
  aircraft carriers however, since all three U.S.
  aircraft carriers were out to sea, the Japanese
  focused on the battleships.
• There were eight battleships at Pearl Harbor that
  day, which included all the battleships of the
  U.S. Pacific fleet except for one (the Colorado).
• Seven of the U.S. battleships were lined up in
  "Battleship Row."
• During the attack, the Nevada left its berth in
  Battleship Row and tried to make it to the harbor
  entrance. After being repeatedly attacked on its
  way, the Nevada beached itself.

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• The Arizona exploded when a bomb breached its
  forward magazine (i.e. the ammunition room).
  Approximately 1,100 U.S. servicemen died on
  board.
• After being torpedoed, the Oklahoma listed so
  badly that it turned upside down.
• To aid their airplanes, the Japanese sent in five
  midget subs to help target the battleships. The
  Americans sunk four of the midget subs and
  captured the fifth.
• All eight U.S. battleships were either sunk or
  damaged during the attack. Amazingly, all but two
  (the Arizona and the Oklahoma) were eventually
  able to return to active duty.

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Facts About the Airfields at Pearl Harbor

• Many U.S. servicemen were either still in their
  pajamas or eating breakfast in the mess halls
  when the attack on Pearl Harbor began.
• U.S. servicemen identified the invading planes as
  Japanese because of the "meatballs," what they
  called the large, red circle (the Rising Sun) on
  the side of Japanese planes.
• The Japanese hoped to destroy U.S. planes on the
  ground in order to minimize any counter-attack
  against them over Pearl Harbor or against the
  Japanese attack force.

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• The Japanese struck US Airfields
• Many of the U.S. airplanes were lined up outside,
  along the airstrips, wingtip to wingtip, in order
  to avoid sabotage. Unfortunately, that made them
  easy targets for the Japanese attackers.
• Unable to get more than a handful of planes in
  the air, individual U.S. servicemen tried to
  shoot down the Japanese planes from the ground.

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After the Attack on Pearl Harbor Ended

• When the Japanese left Pearl Harbor at 945 a.m.,
  the Americans didn't realize the attack was
  actually over. They expected another wave to hit.
  
• The day following the attack on Pearl Harbor,
  U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared
  that December 7, 1941 would be "a date that will
  live in infamy."
• The United States declared war on Japan on
  December 8, 1941, the day following the attack on
  Pearl Harbor.
• "Remember Pearl Harbor!" became a rallying cry
  for the U.S. during World War II

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Interesting facts

• 1. Twenty-three sets of brothers died aboard the
  USS Arizona.

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2. The USS Arizonas entire band was lost in
the attack

• Almost half of the casualties at Pearl Harbor
  occurred on the naval battleship USS Arizona,
  which was hit four times by Japanese bombers and
  eventually sank.
• Among the 1,177 crewmen killed were all 21
  members of the Arizonas band, known as U.S. Navy
  Band Unit (NBU) 22. Most of its members were up
  on deck preparing to play music for the daily
  flag raising ceremony when the attack began. They
  instantly moved to man their battle positions
  beneath the ships gun turret.
• At no other time in American history has an
  entire military band died in action.
• The night before the attack, NBU 22 had attended
  the latest round of the annual Battle of Music
  competition between military bands from U.S.
  ships based at Pearl Harbor.
• Contrary to some reports, NBU 22 did not perform,
  having already qualified for the finals set to be
  held on December 20, 1941. Following the assault,
  the unit was unanimously declared the winner of
  that years contest, and the award was
  permanently renamed the USS Arizona Band Trophy.

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Members of U.S. Navy Band Unit (NBU) 22, all of
whom were killed in action aboard the USS Arizona
during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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3. Fuel continues to leak from the USS Arizonas
wreckage.

• On December 6, 1941, the USS Arizona took on a
  full load of fuelnearly 1.5 million gallonsin
  preparation for its scheduled trip to the
  mainland later that month.
• The next day, much of it fed the explosion and
  subsequent fires that destroyed the ship
  following its attack by Japanese bombers.
• However, despite the raging fire and ravages of
  time, some 500,000 gallons are still slowly
  seeping out of the ships submerged wreckage
  Nearly 70 years after its demise, the USS Arizona
  continues to spill up to 9 quarts of oil into the
  harbor each day.
• In the mid-1990s, environmental concerns led the
  National Park Service to commission a series of
  site studies to determine the long-term effects
  of the oil leakage.
• Some scientists have warned of a possible
  catastrophic eruption of oil from the wreckage,
  which they believe would cause extensive damage
  to the Hawaiian shoreline and disrupt U.S. naval
  functions in the area.
• The NPS and other governmental agencies continue
  to monitor the deterioration of the wreck site
  but are reluctant to perform extensive repairs or
  modifications due to the Arizonas role as a war
  grave.
• In fact, the oil that often coats the surface of
  the water surrounding the ship has added an
  emotional gravity for many who visit the memorial
  and is sometimes referred to as the tears of the
  Arizona, or black tears.

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4. Some former crewmembers have chosen the USS
Arizona as their final resting place.

• The bonds between the crewmembers of the USS
  Arizona have lasted far beyond the ships loss on
  December 7, 1941.
• Since 1982, the U.S. Navy has allowed survivors
  of the USS Arizona to be interred in the ships
  wreckage upon their deaths.
• Following a full military funeral at the Arizona
  memorial, the cremated remains are placed in an
  urn and then deposited by divers beneath one of
  the Arizonas gun turrets.
• To date, more than 30 Arizona crewmen who
  survived Pearl Harbor have chosen the ship as
  their final resting place.
• Crewmembers who served on the ship prior to the
  attack may have their ashes scattered above the
  wreck site, and those who served on other vessels
  stationed at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941,
  may have their ashes scattered above their former
  ships.
• As of November 2011, only 18 of the 355 crewmen
  who survived the bombing of the USS Arizona are
  known to be alive.

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Gallery Walk

• Aloha! Welcome to Pearl Harbor on Oahu Hawaii.
• Experience Hawaii's popular WWII memorials and
  museums with a visit to the USS Arizona Memorial!
• Around the room you will find photos directly
  from Pearl Harbor Hawaii brought for you by Mrs.
  Davis
• When making your way around the room you will
  create a circle map
• Record what you see in as much detail as possible
• Mahalo!

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Videos
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Promts for contextualization

• I already know that ______________is happening at
  this time
• From this video I would guess that people at this
  time were feeling
• This video might not give me the whole picture
  because

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Pictures before the attack
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Pictures after the attack
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The Arizona Memorial
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My Pics
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Option 1

• Was the US Surprised when the Japanese attacked
  Pearl Harbor? How can you tell?
• How did the Japanese blow up the US Ships?
• Was the US able to fight back well against the
  Japanese? How can you tell?

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Option 2

• Write a poem or draw a picture that captures the
  shock, trauma, and anger felt by the American
  People after the bombing
• How did this lead the US to enter a dangerous
  world war on 2 fronts without any guarantee of
  victory?

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Option 3

• imagine what it was like when the military base
  at Pearl Harbor was surprised by the Japanese
  attack. 
• write a newsmagazine story about Pearl Harbor as
  though you were living at the time. Write a
  general article about the attack or one from the
  perspective of military or medical personnel.
• You could also write an article from a Japanese
  perspective

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EXIT TICKET!