Planet Earth

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Planet Earth

• Chapter 1

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• Environmental Science - is the study of the
  infinite number of interactions between humans
  and the world in which we live. This includes
  the living and non-living factors As Earths
  human population continues to grow, as technology
  advances and human
• needs and wants increase, our
• impacts on the world become
• more widespread and severe,
• despite improvement in some
• areas.

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1.1 Planet of Life

• Living things are called
• organisms.
• Lithosphere Layer of land
• that forms Earths surface.
• Hydrosphere All the parts of Earth that are
  made up of water.
• Atmosphere Layer of air that surrounds Earth.
• Biosphere Anywhere on Earth where life exists

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Spheres Interact

• Lithosphere interacts with the Hydrosphere when
  toxins from a factory run off into a water system
  and poison fish in a body of water
• Hydrosphere interacts with the Atmosphere when
  water evaporates and forms clouds
• Atmosphere interacts with the Lithosphere when
  acid rain falls and dissolves limestone

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Whats so special about Earth?

• Earth supports life due to the presence of liquid
  water.
• Earth maintains a steady surface temperature due
  to the heat being absorbed in the summer and
  released in the winter through water.
• Many more unique qualities

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Gas Giants
Inner Terrestrial Planets
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The Other 7 Planets

• Planets are characterized by composition,
  density, and distance from the sun.
• The inner planets are smaller and rocky (example
  Earth).
• The outer planets are large and made of gases
  (example Jupiter).

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Is the sun important?

• Supports life on Earth
• by transmitting energy
• to us in the form of
• light
• Light travels to
• Earth in the
• form of
• waves

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Why is the sky blue?

• A clear cloudless day-time sky is blue because
  molecules in the air bend blue light like a prism
  from the sun towards you and your eyes. 
• At sunset, we see the red and orange colors
  because the light is coming at us from an angle
  that bends those autumn colors towards us instead
  of the blue.

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1.2 Earths Land and Water

• Lithosphere
• 3 Main rock types
• Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic
• Majority of rock is Igneous, however the rocks
  that we are in contact with are Sedimentary for
  the most part.
• Major Minerals Silicates

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Examples of Igneous rocks that would form from
lava include basalt, obsidian, scoria, and pumice.
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Metamorphic Rock
Rock that is changed by heat and pressure
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Sedimentary Rock
Rock that is formed from smaller particles that
are squeezed together due to pressure.
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Hydrosphere

• More than 70 of Earth is covered in water.
• 97 of it is Salt water and 3 Fresh water

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• 2/3 or 66 of Freshwater is in our ice caps.

As our ice caps melt our freshwater decreases and
our saltwater increases. Surface water ponds,
lakes, and streams Groundwater - aquifers
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What is Salt made of ? Sodium Chloride or
NaCl
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Aquifer an underground layer of porous rock
that contains water.

• Artesian Well Wells in which water flows to the
  surface due to high pressure underground.
• Projections have shown that natural freshwater
  will disappear within 40 years.
• Wells do not replenish as they once did due to
  personal demand and the amount of pavement.

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1.3 The Atmosphere

• 4 Atmospheric layers based on temperature change.
  
• Thermosphere (Highest)
• Mesosphere
• Stratosphere
• Troposphere (Lowest)
• The atmosphere becomes less dense the farther you
  travel from Earth.

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• Troposphere
• Most weather occurs here.
• This is the level where we live.
• Closest to the Earths surface
• The most dense layer

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• Stratosphere
• Ozone Layer (Ozone gas that blocks UV rays)
• Just above the Troposphere

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• Mesosphere
• Coldest Layer

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• Thermosphere
• Surprisingly the warmest layer
• Furthest from the surface
• The least dense layer

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Facts about the Atmosphere

• US winds blow from the west to the east.

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What is air composed of ?
What would happen to levels of CO2 if there were
fewer plants?
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Even More Facts about the Atmosphere

• Ionosphere Layer within the Thermosphere where
  charged particles react producing colorful
  displays of light called an Aurora.

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1.4 The Biosphere

• Anywhere that life can and is supported.
• It is 20 km thick

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1.4 The Biosphere

• Limiting Factors things that limit life in the
  biosphere
• Temperature
• Oxygen
• Depth
• Sunlight
• Pressure
• Food