Title: Management Information Systems
1Management Information Systems
2Dates of Lectures
Tuesdays
1 27/1/2009
2 10/2/2009
3 24/2/2009
4 10/3/2009
5 31/3/2009
6 7/4/2009
7 28/4/2009
3Course Content
- Overview
- The nature of MIS - information and
communications technology (ICT) - The role of MIS in organisations and its
relationship to other disciplines and functions
in the organisation - Considerations in choosing MIS designs
- Conceptual Foundations
- Systems theory concept of control feedback and
feed forward control management, control and
decision making - Distinguish data and information information
value and cost - Organizational and behavioural context
communication in organizations - humans as information processors formal and
informal information systems. - Information and Communications Technology
- Evolution and applications of ICT in modern
business - E-business and the digital firm categories,
requirements, options and applications available
- current environment, issues developments and
directions in ICT including, emerging and
converging technologies and wireless
communications implications for business. - ICT Support Systems for Decision Making
- Transaction processing and data manipulation
reporting systems - Decision support systems executive information
systems expert system artificial intelligence.
4Course Content contd
- Planning for ICT Systems
- Aligning organizational goals and ICT link with
business plan - establishing organizational information
requirements existing and proposed ICT systems - using ICT to support business processes
enterprise resource planning, supply chain
management - Developing ICT Systems
- Approaches to systems development systems
development lifecycle - Systems analysis, design implementation issues
- human factors, system use and acceptance, user
training - system maintenance and review,
- prototyping,
- outsourcing.
- Management Control and Security
- MIS management including organizational and
procedures controls - Computer audit techniques
- Security issues systems integrity data
protection legislation.
5Reading
- Laudon K.C., Laudon J.P., Management Information
Systems Managing the Digital Firm, McGrawHill
2005 - Chaffey D, Wood S., Business Information
Management Improving Performance Using
Information Systems, Prentice Hall, 2007 - Applegate L, Austin R, McFarlan F., Corporate
Information Strategy and Management Text and
Cases, McGraw Hill, 2006 - Other current materials and Web
6Module Assessment
- 30 Continuous Assessment
- 70 End of Module Exam
7The Nature of Business information age
- In todays business environment information
and Information Technology (IT) being used to
gain and sustain competitive advantage. - This is the information age Knowledge is Power
- All areas of business Marketing, Finance, HR,
Higher Management - produce data / information as
a product. - Youll never find a successful business whose
slogan is - ..what you dont know wont hurt you..
- Organisations understand that what they dont
know can become an Achilles heel and a source
of advantage for the competition. - In todays business world, Knowledge workers
outnumber other types of worker by approx six
to one. - Hence Managing this knowledge (i.e. filtering out
chaff and making decisions based on correct
information) is vital to Business success.
8MIS - definitions
- Definitions vary in the literature
- MIS is an integrated computer based
user-machine system that provides information for
supporting operations and decision making
functions - Awad (1988)
- ..It MIS is a system using formalised
procedures to provide management at all levels in
all functions with appropriate information based
on data from both internal and external sources,
to enable them to make timely and effective
decisions for planning, directing, and
controlling the activities for which they are
responsible.. - Lucey (1997)
- ..Organized approach to the study of information
needs of management at every level in making
operational, tactical, and strategic decisions.
Its objective is to design and implement
man-machine procedures, processes, and routines
that provide suitably detailed reports in an
accurate, consistent, and timely manner.. - www.Businessdictionary.com (2009)
9MIS Integrating Themes
- MIS deals with the co-ordination of three very
important organisational resources - Information
- People
- Technology (IT)
- Co-ordination of these for the purpose of
achieving and sustaining competitive advantage
10MIS Components
11Management Information Related Subsystems
- Information Technology (IT)
- is any computer based tool that people use to
work with information and support the
information-processing needs of an organisation. - Includes Hardware, Software, Communications,
networks, production automation, etc - Any Kit concerned with the capture, storage,
transmission, and presentation of information - Decision Support Systems (DSS) ,
- Computer system designed to provide assistance in
determining and evaluating alternative courses of
action. A DSS (1) acquires data from the mass of
routine transactions of a firm, (2) analyzes it
with advanced statistical techniques to extract
meaningful information, and (3) narrows down the
range of choices by applying rules based on
decision theory. Its objective is facilitation of
'what if' analysis and not replacement of a
manager's judgment. - Example Decision Explorer from Banxia
- Example Analyitica from Lumina
- Strategic Management Information Systems (SMIS)
- Systems considered critical to the current or
future business competitiveness of an
organisation - SMIS is a relative rather than an absolute term
as one must assess the of a give organisation
first before attaching the term SMIS to a
technology - Example A web service offering a product online
could be considered strategic i.e. Dell
computers, Ryanair online booking system. - Example Business Process re-engineering
modelling software
12Management Information Related Subsystems
contd
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
- Business information over layed on Geographical
Maps - Example Google Earth shows Business locations,
visitor attractions, etc in particular areas - Expert System (ES)
- Also called a knowledge based system is an
Artificial Intelligence system that applies
reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. - Expert systems are software systems which capture
the knowledge and experience of experts in
particular fields Accounting, Medicine,
Production Control, etc. - Expert Systems, through a series of carefully
contrived questions to the user, can determine
Whats wrong, and what to do. - Example Forensic accounting
- Example HR Management to help personnel managers
determine whether they are in compliance with
National and EU regulations - Example Exsys Corvid
- Dashboard System (DS)(EIS)
- A dashboard is an Executive Information System
user interface that (similar to an automobiles
dashboard) is designed to be easy to read. For
example, a product might obtain information from
the local operating system in a computer, from
one or more applications that may be running, and
from one or more remote sites on the Web and
present it as though it all came from the same
source. - Digital dashboards may be laid out to track the
flows inherent in the business processes that
they monitor. Graphically, users may see the
high-level processes and then drill down into low
level data.
13Airline Dashboard System
14Traditional / Classical Organisation
15Pioneers of Traditional / Scientific Management -
Fayol
- 5 Key Functions of Management
-
- - To Plan
- - To Organise
- - To Command
- - To Co-ordinate
- - To Control
- Principles for Organisational Structure
- - Unity of Command
- - Small Spans of Control
- - Line or Chain of Command
- - Division of Work - specialism
- - Delegate Authority Retain
Responsibility
16Modern Criticisms of Classical Management
- Inhuman working conditions and poor industrial
relations - Over-specialisation and restrictive work
practices - Bureaucratic organisational structures long
chains of command - Inward- looking organisational structures
- Closed Systems run out of steam when not
conscious of environmental influences
17The Matrix Management
- Project Focussed
- Multi-disciplinary teams
- Team members have more that one boss
- Project team disbanded when project completes
- New project team for new project
- Gives team members an insight into the workings
of other departments - Leadership training ground
- Allows people with ideas to carry them forward
- May cause blurring of communication lines
18Modern Organisation structure
19New structure - Decentralised
20Business Trends
- Changing business environment
- Specialization
- Management by Methodology and Franchises
- Mergers
- Decentralization and Small Business
- Temporary Workers
- Internationalization
- Service-Oriented Business
- Re-engineering
- Recession
-
- Need for faster responses and flexibility
- MIS reflecting these requirements -
21Business Trends Implications
- Specialisation
- Increased demand for technical skills
- Specialized MIS tools
- Increased communication
- Methodology Franchises
- Reduction of middle management
- Increased data sharing
- Increased analysis by top management
- Computer support for rules
- Re-engineering
- Mergers
- Larger companies
- Need for control and information
- Economies of scale
- Decentralization Small Business
- Communication needs
22Business Trends Implications
- Temporary Workers
- Managing through rules
- Finding and evaluating workers
- Coordination and control
- Personal advancement through technology
- Security
- Internationalization
- Communication
- Product design
- System development and programming
- Sales and marketing
- Service Orientation
- Management jobs are information jobs
- Customer service requires better information
- Speed
23Business Trend Implications for Technology
Specialization Increased demand for technical skills Specialized MIS tools Increased communication
Methodology Franchises Reduction of middle management Increased data sharing Increased analysis by top management Computer support for rules Re-engineering
Mergers Four or five big firms dominate most industries Need for communication Strategic ties to customers and suppliers
Decentralization Small Business Communication needs Lower cost of management tasks Low maintenance technology
Temporary Workers Managing through rules Finding and evaluating workers Coordination and control Personal advancement through technology Security
Internationalization Communication Product design System development and programming Sales and marketing
Service Orientation Management jobs are information jobs Customer service requires better information Speed
24MIS Related Organisational Functions
Strategic Management Provides an organisation
with overall direction and guidance mission and
vision
Tactical Management Develops the goals and
strategies outlined by Strategic Management
Operational Management Manages and directs the
day-to-day operations and implementations of the
goals and strategies
Non Management employees Producing goods and
services serving customers, order processing