Electromagnetic Radiation and Energy

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Electromagnetic Radiation and Energy

• Electromagnetic Radiation
• Energy traveling through space
• Three Characteristics of Waves
• Wavelength (symbolized l)
• Distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs
  in a wave
• Frequency (symbolized n)
• How many waves pass a given point per second
• Speed (symbolized c)
• How fast a given peak moves through space

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Electromagnetic Radiation and Energy

• c ? x ?
• c speed of particle
• speed of light 2.9979 x 108 m/s
• ? frequency (s-1 or Hz)
• ? wavelength (m)

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• As temperature increases
• Maximum energy released in visible spectrum goes
  towards UV
• white hot

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Einsteins Photon

• Photoelectric effect
• Electron ejection after light strikes metal
  surface
• Must be the right frequency
• Used in automatic door openers
• Einstein
• Light has particle-like properties
• Photons
• No longer viewed as purely a wave

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Spectra

• Sunlight yields continuous spectrum
• Energized gaseous elements yield certain
  wavelengths
• Line emission spectrum

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Atomic orbital

• The probability function that defines the
  distribution of electron density in space around
  the atomic nucleus.

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The s-orbital

• The simplest orbital
• The only orbital in the s-subshell
• Occurs in every principal energy level
• s stands for sharp
• The first energy level only houses this orbital
• Can house up to 2 electrons

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The p-orbitals

• Start in second principle energy level (n2)
• There are three p-orbitals in the p-subshell (see
  below)
• And one s-orbital
• p stands for principle
• Can house up to 6 electrons
• 2px 2py 2pz

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The d-orbitals

• Start in third principle energy level (n3)
• There are five d-orbitals in the d-subshell
• And one s-orbital
• And three p-orbitals
• Can house up to 10 electrons
• d stands for diffuse
• 3dyz 3dxz
  3dxy 3dx2-y2 3dz2

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The f-orbitals

• Start in fourth principle energy level (n4)
• There are seven f-orbitals in the f-subshell
• And one s-orbital
• And three p-orbitals
• And five d-orbitals
• Can house up to 14 electrons
• f stands for fundamental

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Electron Configuration

• Explain reactivity (or lack thereof) of elements
• Explains order of placement in Periodic Table
• Into groups or families
• Similar chemical physical properties

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Using the Periodic Table to advantage