S?st?

1
S?st?µata Teµat???? ???sßas??

• ?. ?apa?e?d???? (papatheodor_at_ionio.gr)?
• ???ast???? ??f?a??? ??ß???????? ?a? ??e?t???????
  ??µ?s?e?s??
• ?µ?µa ???e????µ?a? ??ß?????????µ?a?
• ????? ?a?ep?st?µ??

2
?e??e??µe?a

• ???????a, ?a?a?t???st??? ?a? ?at?????e? ????
• ?eµat??? a????s?, ?eµat???? ???sse?
• UNIMARC AUTHORITIES
• ta????µ?s? ta????µ??? s?st?µata, Dewey, UDC, LCC,
  ???a
• e??et???as?, e??et???a t?t??? KWIC, KWOC,
  e??et???a pa?ap?µp??
• p??s??d?asµ??? ?a? ?ste??s??d?asµ??? e??et???as?
• ?eµat???? ep??efa??de?, ?eµat???? ????
• ?eµat???? ep??efa??de? ??ß???????? t?? ??????ss??
  (LCSH), Sears, ???e?
• T?sa????
• p??t?pa te?µ????s?? ??a t? ?eµat??? a????s? ?a?
  t?? ???????a

3
???t?pa

• ???? 402. ????? ?a? µ???d?? ???????a?
• ???? 414. ?e?????e?? ??a t?? d?µ?s?e?se?? ?a? t??
  te?µ????s?
• ???? 561-1. ?e??????? ???????a?
• ???? 720 1993. F???a pe?????e?? se pe???d????
  e?d?se??. (ISO 5122-1979)?
• ???? 743. ?etat??p? t?? e???????? a?faß?t?? µe
  ?at??????? ?a?a?t??e?
• ???? 12131994. ???et???? e??? d?µ?s?e?µat??. (
  ISO 999-1996)?
• ???? 13121993 (S??). Teµat??? a????s? te?µ?????
  ????d?? e??tas?? te?µ?????, p??sd????sµ?? t??
  ?eµ?t?? t??? ?a? ep?????? t?? ???? e??et???as??
  (ISO 5963-1985)?
• ???? 13211993 (S??) ?ate????t???e? ?d???e? ??a
  t? s?????t?s? ?a? a??pt??? µ??????ss?? ??sa????.
  (ISO 2788-1986)?
• ???? 1381-1 (S??). ?e??????? - ????? 1 ?as????
  ?????e?. (ISO 5127/1-1983)?
• ???? 1381-2-1997(S??) ?e??????? - ????? 2
  ?a?ad?s?a?? te?µ???a. (ISO 5127/2-1983)?

4
??a?e???s? te?µ?????

• ?e????af? te?µ?????
• ??t???, p?e?µat??? ?pe?????t?ta, ep?µ??e?a
  (edition), ??d?s? (publication), f?s??? pe????af?
  (a?. se??d??, µ??e???), s?et???? e??p??sµ?? ??p
• S?µe?a p??sßas?? ?ata?????
• ???et???a µe ß?s? ta ?p??a ???eta? ? a?a??t?s?
  st?? ?at?????
• ??µ??????a/???s? a??e??? ?a??e??µ???? ????
  (authority file)?
• t?t??? e?a??a?t???? t?t??? t?t??? se????,
  ???µata, s???????? ???a?a
• Teµat??? a????s? - ta????µ?s?
• ???sd????sµ?? ?eµ?t??-e?????? p?? ?a??pte? ??a
  te?µ????
• ????es? ?eµat???? ep??efa??d??
• ?a????µ?s? te?µ????? se ?eµat???? ?at?????e? µe
  t? ???s? ta????µ???? s?st?µat??

5
?a????µ?µ??? a?faß?t??? p????f???s?

• ?at? t? d?ad??as?a t?? ta????µ?s?? ???e te?µ????
  e?t?sseta? se µ?a ?at?????a
• ?at? t? ?eµat??? a????s? se ??a te?µ????
  ap?d?d??ta? pe??ss?te?a t?? e??? ??µata
• ?pa?te?ta? ?eµat???? ?at??????
• ?a te?µ???a ta?t?p?????ta? s?????? ta????µ???
  (?e?a????? ? ???et? ta?t?p???s?) ? a?faß?t???
  (??????t?a ta?t?p???s?)?
• St?? ta????µ?µ??? ta?t?p???s? ?p???e? a????s? se
  ß???? ?a? a???ß?? e?t?p?sµ?? te?µ????? (??a ta
  te?µ???a e??a? s??af? µeta?? t???)?
• St?? a?faß?t??? ta?t?p???s? ? e?t?p?sµ?? e??a?
  ?µes??, ????? d?s????e?

6
???p?? ?eµat???? a????s??

• ???es? s??p?? t?? s????af?a
• ????ap??? s??p??, ?e?????s? s??p?? (??p???? ap?
  t? d??ßasµa a?ade??????ta? p??te???te?)?
• ?as??? a?t??e?µe?? (????a??? a?t??e?µe?? item -
  ? ?µ?da a?t??e?µ????)?
• ??t??e?µe???? µ???d??, µ?t??s? a?af???? se
  a?t??e?µe?a ?a? p??s?pa, a??µa ?a? a?t?? p?? de?
  a?af????ta? ?e???a?a
• ???sd????sµ?? s?????? ? ?a????? ???t?????
  ep?????? ? ap??????? ?eµ?t??
• S?µp??asµa ? p??sd????sµ?? t?? ?eµ?t?? p??
  af????? se ??a te?µ???? e??a? ?p??e?µe????
  d?ad??as?a, e?a?t?ta? ap? t?? a?a???st?

7
???e?a ?a??e??µ???? ????

• ?a??e??µ??e? e???af?? (authorities)?
• ???µata, t?t???, ??µata p?? ???s?µ?p?????ta? st??
  ?at?????
• ????? ???? ?a? p???? p?? ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a t??
  p??sd????sµ? t?? ?eµ?t?? t?? te?µ?????
• ?a a??e?a ?a??e??µ???? ???? s?s?et????? t??
  ß?ß?????af???? e???af?? t?? ?ata?????
• S???e?t?????? t?? d?af??et???? e?f??se??
  (manifestations, µetaf??se??, e?d?se?? ?a) t??
  te?µ?????
• ?µad?p????? e???af?? µe ?d?a ??µata
• ?????? e??a?a? a?apa??stas?? t?? ?eµ?t?? t??
  ß?ß?????af???? e???af?? e??a?a ???ssa

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G??sse?

• F?s???? ???sse?
• p? e???????, a??????
• ??? d?s???? ? a???t?s? p????f????? st? p???e?
  ?e?µe??. S?????s? e??t?s?? ???st? µe t? p???e?
  ?e?µe??
• ?e???t?? ???sse?
• Esperanto, ???sse? p????aµµat?sµ??
• G??sse? ?eµ?t?? (indexing, subject)?
• ??? ap??? ???sse?, ????? t?p?? ?a? s?ed?? ?a?????
  ??aµµat???
• ?p?d?d??? s?µas???????? t? pe??e??µe?? ?a? t??
  s??se??
• ?a?????? st? ???st? ?s?d??aµe? e?f??se?? ??a t??
  ?d?e? ?????e? ? ???st?? p??pe? ?a ??????e?
  a?t?? t?? ???sse? ??a ?a e?t?p?se? te?µ???a p??
  a?a??t?
• ??? pe????af? µ?a? ???ssa? t?? ???e? ? ?eµat????
  ?ata???????f?? / ta????µ??
• s??µata ta????µ?s??, ??sa????, ??ste? ?eµat????
  ?efa??d??
• S??p??
• ???s?µ?p?????ta? ap? ?ata???????f??? ?a? ???ste?
  ??a t? ?eµat??? ap?d?s? t?? te?µ?????
• G?a t?? ep?t??? a???t?s? p????f???a? ??
  ?ata???????f?? ?a? ?? ???ste? p??pe? ?a µ?????
  ????? ???ssa. ?ts? ta te?µ???a ?a? ??
  p????f???a??? a????e? t?? ???st?? e?f?????ta? µe
  ????? t??p? ?a? p??sd???????ta? µe a???ße?a

9
G??sse? (s????e?a)

• ??a ???ssa ??e? ta a??????a s?stat???
• ?e??????? (vocabulary)
• S?µas??????a (semantics)
• S??ta?t??? (syntax)

10
Teµat???? ???sse?

• ????se?? ?eµ?t?? s????? ?e???? facet/concept
• p.?. ltt?p?? ?e?µat??, de?p??gt
• ???e ?????a (concept) e??a? µ?a t??? (class),
  st?? ?p??a ??a s????? ap? te?µ???a e??a? µ???
• ???e ?????a a?apa??stata? ap? ??a ??? (term) ?
  et???ta (label)
• p.?. ? ???? de?p?? ?ta? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? se µ?a
  d???s? ??µat?? e??a? µ?a et???ta ??a t?? t??? t??
  te?µ????? p?? t? pe??e??µe?? t??? pe??st??feta?
  ???? ap? de?p?a
• ??a? ???? µp??e? ?a ap?te?e?ta? ap? µ?a ?
  pe??ss?te?e? ???e??
• ???e fas?ta (?pt??? ????a) e??a? µ?a ?at?????a
  (category) e?????? (concepts)
• p.?. ? t?p?? ?e?µat?? e??a? µ?a et???ta (label)
  ?at?????a? ?a? t? de?p?? µ?a ?????a t??
  ?at?????a? t?p?? ?e?µat??

11
??d? ???ss??

• ?p?????? fas?te? S???et??? ???ssa (synthetic ?
  facetic)
• ?e? ?p?????? G??ssa apa???µ?s?? (enumerative)
• ?? s?s?et?se?? µeta?? t?? ?at??????? ???µ????ta?
  s??ta?µat????

12
???sµ??

• ?????a (concept) e??a? ? ???t??? a?t?p??s?pe?s?
  e??? ?d?a?te??? a?t??e?µ???? ? e??? s??????
  ?d?a?te??? a?t??e?µ???? p?? ????? ???sµ??e?
  ?????? ?d??t?te?
• ???? (term) e??a? µ?a ???? ? f??s? p??
  a?t?p??s?pe?e? ?a? p??sd?????e? µ?a ?????a.
• ???t?? (??tas?) µ?a? ?????a? t? s????? ???? t??
  a?t??e?µ???? sta ?p??a a?t?st???e? µ?a ?????a
• p.?. a?ad?µa????, s???????, e?d????,
  ß?ß??????e?
• ????? (??tas?) µ?a? ?????a? t? s????? t??
  ??s??d?? ?a?a?t???st???? p?? s???st??? t?? ?????a
• p.?. st?? ?????a ?????? t?ap??? t?
  ?a?a?t???st??? t?? s???es?? (??????) ap?te?e?
  ??s??de? ?a?a?t???st??? ?a? d?a????e? t?? ?????a
  t?ap???
• ?t?µ??? ?????a a?t?st???e? se ??a µ???
  a?t??e?µe?? ??s?? ??????a
• Ge???? ?????a a?t?st???e? se d?? ? pe??ss?te?a
  a?t??e?µe?a p?? ap?te???? ?µ?da µe ??????
  ?d??t?te? ??s??

13
???sµ?? (s????e?a)

• ?a?a?t???st??? (attribute, characteristic) µ?a?
  ?????a? e??a? ?p??ad?p?te ap? t?? ?d??t?te? ?
  s??se?? p?? s???st??? µ?a ?????a
• (p.?. ??a ?a?a?t???st??? t?? ?????a? d??t?? e??a?
  ? ????d?? ???µ??)
• ??d??e?? ?a?a?t???st??? (s??µa, µ??e???, ?????,
  ???µa)
• p.?. ?d??t?t?? (t?????), ??????? (f??), ??????
  (t?ap???)
• ????e?? ?a?a?t???st??? (p????e?s?, p?????sµ??,
  ?e?t?????a, ??s?, efe???t??, t?p???t?s?)
• p.?. pe?te???? (µ??µa??), e???e?de?a (?e?µet??a),
  d???µast???? (s????a?)

14
???sµ?? e??????

• ???sµ?? µ?a? ?????a? e??a? ? ?e?t??? pe????af?
  t?? ?????a? ??a d?af???p???s? ap? s??afe??
  ?????e?
• ??tat???? pe?????fe? t? ß???? µ?a? ?????a?
• p.? ?s?p?e??? t?????? e??a? t? t?????? p?? ??e?
  ?a? t?? 3 p?e???? ?se?
• ??tat???? apa???µ?s? t?? ?p?tass?µe??? e??????,
  p??t??
• p.?. t?????? ?s?p?e???, ?s?s?e???, s?a????
• ?µµes?? ???sµ?? µ?s? pa?ade??µat??

15
?e???????

• S????? ????
• St?? ???sse? ?eµ?t?? t? ?e??????? e??a?
  e?e???µe?? (controlled vocabulary) d??. µ???
  s???e???µ???? ???? ? e?d? ???? ep?t??peta? ?a
  s?µµet????? st?? d???se?? ?eµ?t??
• ???µ????ta? pe????afe?? (descriptors) ?
  p??t?µ?µe??? ???? (preferred terms)
• ??af???? (references, see or use) ap? µ?
  p??t?µ?µe???? ????? se p??t?µ?µe????
• ???t???a ep?????? p??t?µ?µe??? ????
• ?p? ??t? p??? ta p??? (bottom-up)
• S????t?ta ???s?? ap? t??? s????afe??
• S????t?ta ???s?? st?? a?a??t?se?? t?? ???st??
• ?p? p??? p??? ta ??t?
• µe t? ???s? e??a?e??? (Dewey, Ranganathan)

16
??apa??stas? ?e????????

• ?e?t???, ?? ?eµat???? d???se?? e?f?????ta? ap?
  d?at??e?? ????
• ?.?. Teµat???? ep??efa??de? t?? ??ß???????? t??
  ??????s?? (LCSH)
• ??d???p???µ???, ?eµat???? d???se?? e?f?????ta?
  ap? a???µ???
• ?.?. ??d???? t?? Dewey Classification System
  (DCC)
• ?? ???? d?at?ss??ta? st?? pe????af? t?? ???ssa?
• ??faß?t??? (p.?. LCSH)
• S?st?µat??? (p.?. DCC)
• S?????? ?? ta s?st?µat??? ta????µ??? s?st?µata
  ????? a?faß?t??? e??et???a ?a? ?? a?faß?t????
  ??sa???? ????? ?e?a?????? ape?????se??

17
??d? ????

• ap??? ???? ???? p?? pe???aµß??e? µ??? µ?a ???a
• ????, f??
• s?µp????? ???? ???? p?? pe???aµß??e? d?? ?
  pe??ss?te?e? ???e?
• ???ap????f?s?, ta??t?ta t?? ????, f?t?ß???a,
  ?p?????? f??
• d??e??? ???? ???? p?? ??e? ??f?e? ap? ????
  ???ssa ? ap? ???? ?eµat??? ped??
• ?e?????sµ?? µ????e?t???? ???? ap??? ?
  s?µp????? p?? s??µat??eta? ?a? ???s?µ?p??e?ta?
  ??a p??t? f??? st? ???ssa ??a t?? ap?d?s?
  ded?µ???? ?????a?

18
???f?? ????

• ???f? t?? ???? e??a? ? e????a µe t?? ?p??a
  ape??????eta?
• ?s?te???? µ??f? (???t???, ?????? ?p?stas?,
  µ??µ????? e????a)?
• ???te???? µ??f? (f?s???, ????? ?p?stas?)?
• F???t??? µ??f?
• G?apt? µ??f?
• ???µa ?a? ???µa

19
G?aµµat??? a????s? ????

• ?at????? (ending) ?? te???? µ??f?µa p?? e?f???e?
  t? ??aµµat??? ???s?
• ???a (root) ?? ????????? µ??f?µa p?? µp??e? ?a
  ???s?µ?p????e? ?? ????, µ??? t?? ? µe ?at?????
• ???sf?µa (affix) ???s???? se ???a
• ????eµa (prefix) p????e?ta? t?? ???a?
• ?p??eµa (suffix) a??????e? t? ???a

20
S??t?µe?s? e??te????? µ??f??

• ?? p??fe??µe?e? s??t?µ?µ??f?? (µ??? st? ??apt?
  µ??f?, de? ap?te?e? ???), p.?. ?. (??????)
• S??t?µ?µ??f?? (st? ??apt? ?a? f???t??? µ??f?)
• S???pt???? ????, p.?. ? e??e?a (? e??e?a ??aµµ?)
• A??t????e??, s??µat??eta? ap? ta a????? ???µµata
  ?a? p??f??eta? ???µµa ???µµa, p.?. ??
  (?d??t???? ???s??)
• ??????µa, s??µat??eta? ap? ta a????? ???µµata ?a?
  p??f??eta? s???aß??? p.?. ???(??µ?s?a ?p??e???s?
  ??e?t??sµ??)

21
?e?????ss?? ????

• ??sa???? ?e?????ss?? ????
• ?p?d?s? st?? e???????, p.?. online ???eta?
  ep???aµµ????
• ?a?e?sµ??, p.?. p??µ??t? (ap? pigment???st???)
• ?eta??af?, p.?. µ???et????, µ??at?µe?t
• ?etat??p? ?e?????ss?? ????
• ?eta??af? (µetat??p? ap?d?s? t?? ?a?a?t????
  t?? a?faß?t?? µ?a? ???ssa? se ?a?a?t??e? t??
  a?faß?t?? ????? ???ssa?)
• ?eta??aµµat?sµ?? (???? 743) (µetat??p? ???µµa
  p??? ???µµa a?e???t?ta ap? p??f???)

22
??t?st????a ???? ?a? ?????a?

• ?µ???µ?a (homonyms), ?d?a e??te???? µ??f?
• ?µ?f??a (homophones), p.?. ??µ?? ???µ??, t?????
  - te????
• ?µ???afa (homographs)?
• ?a?t???µa (polysemy), p.?. ????? (a?t?a,
  ?µ???a)?
• ????s?µ?a, (polysemy),
• p.?. ???d?? (d??t???) ???d?? (ep?st?µ??????)?
• S?????µ?a (synonyms)
• ?a?t?s?µa (full synonyms), p.? ??es?a - pa?????s?
• ?µ?s?????µa (quasi-synonyms), p.?. ?afe?e?? -
  ?????e??.

23
S?µas??????a

• S?µas??????a ?at???????
• ? ?at??????p???s? t?? e?????? se ?at?????e?
• S?µas??????a a?af????
• ? a?t?st????s? t?? ???? se ?????e? ?ts? ?ste
• ?a p??sd???????ta? ta s?????µa ?a? ?a
  ?µad?p?????ta? µa?? ?a?
• ?a ap?saf??????ta? ta ?µ???µa (homonyms, ???e??
  µe ?d?a p??f??? a??? d?af??et??? ??????af?a ?a?
  s?µas?a, scene, seen)
• ??af???? ap? p??t?µ?µe???? se µ? p??t?µ?µe????
  ????? ?a? a?t?st??fa µe t?? s??se?? USE (ß??pe)
  ?a? UF (use for, ß??pe ep?s??) )
• S?µas??????a s?s??t?s??
• ? p??sd????sµ?? t?? s?s?et?se?? µeta?? t??
  e?????? (paradigmatic relationships)
• ????te???, ste??te??? ????, ?s?d??aµ?? ??p

24
S??se?? µeta?? e??????

• ?e?a????? s??s? S??s? µeta?? d?? e?????? ?ta? ?
  µ?a e???s?eta? se ?????te?? st??µ? ap? t?? ????
• ?????? e?d??? (e?d???????) ?pe?tass?µe?? ?a?
  ?p?tass?µe?e? ?????e?
• p.?. ?????p?? ?a? ??d?a?, ???a??a, ???µa ?a?
  a?t?????t?, p?d??at?
• ???? µ????? (µe??st???) ? ?pe?tass?µe?? ?????a
  ap?te?e? t? ???? ?a? ? ?p?tass?µe?? µ???? t??
  ????
• p.?. a????sa ?e?t??? ?a? p?ate?a, e??st??,
  ?e??e?a, a??a?a, ß?da ?a? µp??????, ??d??a,
  pa??µ?d?

25
S??se?? µeta?? e?????

• ?? ?e?a????? s??s? - p?a?µat??????? s??s?
  s???fe?a st? ?????, st? ????, a?t?a??,
  e??????????? s??des?
• p.?. e?d?t?? ?a? ß?ß???, e?pa?de?s? ?a?
  d?das?a??a
• a?t?????t?, t????? a?t?????t??, ??st??? t?????
  a?t?????t??
• ß????µe?a ?a? ß??????a, ??µe?a
• pa?d? ?a? a????, ????ts?
• a???????a?? s??s? (p.?. pa?a???? ?a?
  ?ata????s?)?
• ??????? s??s? (p.?. ??????, ?a???a???,
  f????p???, ?e?µ??a?)?
• a?t?a?? s??s? (p.?. p??????? ?????? ?a?
  ?ad?e?e???? µ????s? t?? pe??ß?????t??

26
??d??????? s??s? s?st?µat??? d??ta??

• (???? ?a?e??t?? ?. ?? s??????e? d?a???ss????
  a???? t?? ???????a?)?
• 1 ???a?? ??af??
• 1.1 µ???ß? (??af?t?)?
• 1.1.1 (?p?d?a??es? µe ß?s? t? ???t???? 1)?
• 1.1.1.1 (?????) µ???ß?
• 1.1.1.2 µ??a???? µ???ß?
• 1.1.2 (?p?d?a??es? µe ß?s? t? ???t???? 2)?
• 1.1.2.1 µ???ß? ??afe???
• 1.1.2.2 µ???ß? µa?a????
• 1.2 st???
• 1.3 µa??ad????
• 1.4

27
?e??st??? s??s? s?st?µat??? d??ta??

• 1 µ??a???? µ???ß?
• 1.1 pe??ß??µa
• 1.1.1 s?µa
• 1.1.2 s??det??a? e???t?s??
• 1.1.3 ?aß? da?t????
• 1.2 µ??a??sµ?? p?????s?? t?? µ?t??
• 1.3 µ?t? ap? ??af?t?
• 1.4 ??µ???st??a

28
S??s? s???fe?a?
29
S?s?et?se?? - a?a?efa?a??s?

• ?e?a???a
• ???? p?? pe?????f??? ??a fa???µe?? ap? ta µ???
  t?? (p????, a?t?????t?, t?a??? µ?sa µa?????
  µetaf????)?
• ????-?e?a???a µeta????? ?a????a ?p?p?? ?a?
  µeta????? ?atas?e??
• ?s?d??aµ?a (s?????µa)
• ?????, ?a??ß?
• S?et??? ?s?d??aµ?a (quasi-synonyms)
  ???????µ???t?ta ?e?et???, journalist-reporter
• ????s?µe?a p.?. s?????t??s? ????????? ?e?????,
  ??µ??? fa???µe??, ?????????? fa???µe??
• S???fe?a
• ????µata, e?pa?de?s?

30
S??ta??

• ?a???e? s??d?asµ?? t?? ???? (?a? ap? d?af??et????
  ?at?????e?) ?at? t?? d???se?? ?eµ?t??
• ???-s??d?asµ??e? d???se?? ?eµ?t??
  (pre-coordination) s??d?asµ?? ???? p?? ????e
  p??? t?? a?a??t?s? te?µ????? (d??. ap? t??
  ?eµat??? ?ata???????f? ? t?? ta????µ?)
• a???ße?a
• Yste??-s??d?asµ??e? d???se?? ?eµ?t??
  (post-coordination) s??d?asµ?? ???? p?? ????e
  µet? t?? e??et???as? (d??. st? d?ad??as?a
  a?a??t?s?? ? ???st?? µp??e? ?a s?s?et??e? ?????
  s??µat????ta? ?eµat???? d???se?? µe ????????
  te?est??)
• e?e????a
• ?a ta????µ??? s?st?µata e??a? p??-s??d?asµ??e?
  ???sse? (????a? ap? t?? ta????µ?), apa???µ?s??
  (????? fas?te?, DDC) ? s???et???? (µe fas?te? UDC)

31
S?????

• ?e????afe?? (descriptors) ???µata ? s????a
  ???µ?t?? ??s?ast???? se ap?? ??aµµat??? µ??f?
  (???µast??? e?????)?
• ???sd????st?? (specifiers) de? apa?t??ta? µ????
  t??? ??????? t? s?µas?a t?? pe????af???
• ???e?? s?et???? µe t??? pe????afe?? (p.?.
  pe????af?a? s??d?? ???? s??ts?)
• S??se?? µeta?? t?? pe????af??? (?e?a??????,
  ?s?d??aµ?a? ??p)?
• S?µß??a a???µ?t??? ? a?fa???µ?t??? (p.?. 110,
  ?15, ?a)
• S??ta?t??? ???µ??e? t? se??? t?? pe????af???
• S?µe??se?? p??, p??, p?te ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??
  pe????afe??
• ?a?t??? s??t???s? ?eµat???? ???ss??, ta ?e??????a
  e?e??ss??ta? ?p?? st?? f?s???? ???sse?

32
?a??de??µa

• DRAWING
• UF Sketch
• BT GRAPHIC ARTS
• NT TECHNICAL DRAWING
• Sketch
• USE DRAWING

33
?at?????e? ???ss??

• ?a????µ?e?
• ???-s??d?asµ??e? ???sse?
• ?e?????f??? t?? ?????e? se ??a ???st??? ped??
• ?? pe????afe?? t??? e??a? s?st?µat???
  d?ateta?µ???? se ?e?a???e? µe s???e???µ??a
  ???t???a p?? ßas????ta? e?te st?? ???????
  s?s?et?se?? t???, e?te st?? s?s?et?se?? t??
  ??????
• ??t?st????s? t?? pe????af?a µe ??a a???µ?
• ?a????µ??? s?st?µata (DDC, UDC, LC)
• ?a??pt??? ??? t? f?sµa t?? ???s?? µe ?e?a?????
  t??p?
• Se ???sµ??a ped?a ???s?? ? ?eµat??? ap?d?s?
  ???eta? ap? p??? µa???? a???µ?d?t?s?

34
?at?????e? ???ss?? (s????e?a)

• Faset??? ta????µ?s? (Colon classification, 1933)
• ????d??stat? ta?t?p???s? e?????? ?a? a?t??e?µ????
• ???e ?at?????a a?t?st???e? se d?af??et??? ?pt???
  ????a ap? t?? ?p??a ep?s??pe?ta? t? ???st???
  a?t??e?µe??. ?.?. ta ?t???a ?atat?ss??ta? st??
  ?at?????a ?e??????
• ?e??????
• ????? ???a, t??ß?a, p?t?a
• ???s? ß??µ??a????, eµp?????, ?at????e?
• ???? ?s??e?a, , p???-???fa
• ??p??es?a (a??????e?, ast???? ?at????e?)?
• ?? fas?te? µp??e? ?a p??sa?µ????ta? se ???e
  ?eµat??? ?at?????a ? ?a e??a? p???a????sµ??e? ??a
  ??e? t?? ?at?????e? (personality-matter, energy,
  place, time)

35
?at?????e? ???ss?? (s????e?a)

• S?st?µat???? ??ste?
• ?a a?t??e?µe?a (items) d?at?ss??ta? ?e?a????? µe
  ß?s? ??p??a ?a?a?t???st??? t??? p?? p????pt???
  ap? t?? pa?at???s?
• ?.?. s?st?µat??? ß?ta????-??e?de? f?t??,
  s?st?µat??? ???????a, ????t?????a
• ??t? ? ta????µ?s? ?a? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? st?
  ?eµat??? ap?d?s? t?? te?µ?????

36
?at?????e? ???ss?? (s????e?a)

• Teµat???? (ep?)?efa??de?
• ?e????afe?? p?? s??µat????ta? ap? µ??ad????
  ???e?? ? ?µ?de? ???e??, s?????? eµpe?????
  ep??e?µ??e? ap? t? ?e?µe?? e??? te?µ?????, µe
  s??p? t?? ?eµat??? pe????af? t?? te?µ????? µe t?
  µe?a??te?? d??at? a???ße?a
• St? ?e???? t??? µ??f? s??d???ta? µeta?? t??? µe
  ??????t?e? s??se?? d?asta???s?? (cross-reference,
  see also)
• ?e?te?e???se? ep??ef/de? s??d?asµ?? ep??ef/d??
• Balance of payment (payments, balance of),
  developing countries gt balance of
  payment-developing countries , developing
  countries-balance of payment
• ??faß?t??? d??ta?? ep??efa??d?? µa?? µe t??
  s??se?? d?asta???s?? ?a? t?? e???af?? t??
  te?µ????? p?? ?a?a?t??????ta? ?eµat??? ap? a?t??
• ???? e?????t?? t??p?? ?eµat???? pe????af??,
  p????? ?µ?? ?efa??de? se ??a te?µ???? µe?a??????
  t? ????? a?a??t?s?? ?a? d?s???e???? t? d?a?e???s?
  ?a? t?? ??e???
• ?a???a? ???e? ?a? ?s? p?? ?e????? ep??efa??de?
  ???eta? a?? te?µ????

37
?at?????e? ???ss?? (s????e?a)?

• ??ste? µe ???e??-??e?d??
• ???? ??e?d? µ?a ???? ap? t? f?s??? ???ssa t??
  te?µ?????
• ???ß??µa s???pe?a? st? ?eµat??? pe????af?,
  apa?te?ta? ep????? pe????af???
• ??faß?t??? pa???es?
• ??ste? pe????af???
• ?e????af?a? ???? p?? ??e? ep??e?e? ap? t? f?s???
  ???ssa t?? te?µ?????, af?? ????? e?a??e? ???? ??
  ???? ap? ??a te?µ????
• S???de???ta? µe ta s?????µ? t???
• ?p??e? ?a ????? s?s?et?se?? µeta?? t???
• ??µ???????? ??a e?e???µe?? ?e??????? (controlled
  vocabulary)

38
?at?????e? ???ss?? (s????e?a)

• T?sa????
• ??e???µe?? ?e???????, ?? ???? (pe????afe??) t??
  ?p???? ep??e?t?????ta? se µ?a s???e???µ???
  ???st??? pe????? ?a? e??a? s??deµ???? µe
  s?s?et?se?? ?e?a??????, s???fe?a? ?a? s??se??
  ?s?d??aµ?a? µe ?????? ????? f?s???? ???ssa?
• ???e pe????af?a? ??e? µ?a µ??ad??? ?a?
  a?aµf?sß?t?t? e?µ??e?a e?a??st?p????ta? t??
  p???s?µ?a ?a? e??????ta? ta s?????µa
• ?p?te?e?ta? ap? ??a s?st?µat??? µ????, ?p?? ??
  pe????afe?? ???a?????ta? se ?p?s????a ?a? ??a
  a?faß?t??? ?at?????

39
S?µßat?t?ta ???ss??

• ??a te?µ???? p?? pe?????feta? se µ?a ???ssa ?,
  µp??e? ?a e?sa??e? se µ?a ß?s? ded?µ???? p??
  ???s?µ?p??e? µ?a d?af??et??? ???ssa
• ??p??? s?µßat?t?ta ?d??? ? ta?t?s?µ?? ???? se
  d?af??et???? ???sse?
• St?? ???sse? ? ?a? ? ? ???? hospital a???e? st??
  ?d?a ?at?????a (buildings) a? ?a? se d?af??et???
  ep?peda
• St? ???ssa G ? ???? a???e? se p?? ?e????
  ?at?????a a? ?a? pe??st??feta? ???? ap?
  ?atas?e???
• St? ???ssa ? ? ???? s?et??eta? µe d?ast????t?ta

40
S?µßat?t?ta ???ss?? (s????e?a)

• ?eta???sse?
• de? pe?????f??? p????f???a ?a? te?µ???a a???
  d?as??d???? d?af??et???? ???sse?
• ???????????? t? d?µ? t?? ?eµat???? ???ss?? se µ?a
  µ??ad??? d?µ? ?a? a?ad?at?ss??? t??? pe????afe??
  t??? p??sd???????ta? ?s?d??aµ?e? ? e?s?µat????t??
  t??? se ?µ?de?
• ?a???-??sa????
• ?a??pt??? p???? ???st??? ped?a, a??? pe???????
  µ??? t?? ßas???? ?????e? t?? p?? e?e?d??e?µ????
  ???ss??
• ??µ????????ta? p??? ? ?a? µet? ap? t?? ???sse?
  p?? ?a????ta? ?a ????????s???
• ?p?te???? t? ßas??? ???µ? ?a? ta µe???a ??a???
  p?? st??????? ta ep?µ????? ??ad?? p?? pa?????? ta
  ep?µ????? ???st??? ped?a
• ?p?te????ta? ap? ?e?????? ?????, ?ts? ?ste ?a
  ?????? apa??? ??a µ?a ???ssa
• ?a?????? ?a? s??se?? s???fe?a? µeta?? t?? ßas????
  ???? ?????? ep?p?d?? t?? µa???-??sa????

41
?p??????ta? ???ssa

• ???t???? ?? ???ste?
• ??????, p??e? ?? a????e? t???, p??e? ??
  epe??t?se?? t???, µe p??? t??p?
• ??s? ? ???a??sµ?? p????f???s??
• ?? ?p??es?e? p??sf??e?, t? µ?sa ??e?, t?
  p??s?p???, t? ?p?d?µ?, p?s? p????f???a pa???e?
  ?a? epe?e????eta?, t? d??at?t?te? a???t?s?? ?a?
  ap????e?s?? p????f???a? p??sf??e?, p??e? ??
  s??se?? t??? µe ?????? f??e?? p????f???s??
• ???t?µa ?p???e? ???ssa p?? ?a??pte? t?? a????e?
  ? p??pe? ?a d?µ???????e? ?a???????a ???ssa

42
?pe?e??as?a ?eµat???? ???ssa?

• ? p??sa?µ???/d?µ??????a µ?a ?eµat???? ???ssa?
  st?? a????e? e??? ???a??sµ?? apa?te? ????? ?a?
  p??sp??e?a ap? e?d???? st? ?eµat??? pe????? ?a?
  ep?st?µ??e? p????f???s??
• ???se???se?? p??sd????sµ?? ???????a?
• A priori ?pe?e??as?a ???????a? ap? ?p?????ta
  e??et???a, ?e????, ta????µ?e? ?a? ?ata?t????ta?
  ??ste? ???? ap? e?d????? st? ???st??? a?t??e?µe??
• Post priori (analytic) ??a???? ???? ap?
  a?t?p??s?pe?t???? s??????? te?µ?????
• S?????? ???s?µ?p????µe ?a? t?? d?? p??se???se??
• ?p????? pe????af??? ?a? t?? µ??f?? t??? ?e ß?s?
  ?e??????af??? ded?µ??a p??sd???????µe d???t?????
  pe????afe?? ?a? t?? s??se?? t???, ?µad?p???s?
  pe????af??? µe ß?s? t? sp??da??t?t? t???
• ???sd????sµ?? s??se?? pe????af???
• ??e???? ap? e?d????? p??? t? d?µ?s?e?s? t??
  ???ssa?
• ???e??? ???ssa? e?a?t?ta? ap? t? ???st??? ped??