????????????????,????

1
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2
?????
1??????????
??????????????
2??????????????????
????????????????,?????????,?????,??????
????? ?????? Epmgh
3
3???????????????
????????? ? Epmgh
4??????????????????
???????,?????????????????,???????????,????
??,?? WABmghA- mghBmg?hAB
4
?????
1???????????
????,?????(???)????????,???????????????
???,???????????? ?????????????
??????????????
2????????????????????????????
????????????,???????????????
5
3?????????????????,????????????????
??????
??????????(????)
?????????,???? ?????????,???????
????(?)?,??????(??) ??????(?)?,?????(?)
????WABmg?hAB ,?????? ?????????????
???????????????

6
?????????????
???? Epmgh ????????????????? ??? Epqf
???h??????f???
???fEp/q ( hEp/mg )
??????????????????????????
???????(V)
7
?????
1??????m???????????????????????????q??????????????
??????
?????????,????????,????????????????
2???????????,?????
???????,????,??????????????????
????????????????? ????????
8
3??????????????????
???????????????,?????????
????A?B?????? ?hABhA-hB
A?B?????UABfA-fB
????WABmghA- mghBmg?hAB
?????WABqfA- qfBqUAB
WABqUAB ??????????
9
4??????????????????,?????????????,????,???????????
????????????
????,??????????????,????????
5????????????,?????????????????????????,??????????
?,???????????????????????????????????,????????
????,???????????????????,?????????????????
????
10
???????
1??????????????????? ?? Epqf
?????WABqUAB
2??? ??? ?? ???????????????????????????????
??????????????? ?? fEp/q
???UABfA-fB
3?????????????? ???????????????????,???????
??????
11
?????????
1????,???????A?B?C ?? ?????,?? A???????A?????B?,??
A? ??C????B?,????????? B???????A?????B?,?????B?,??
??????? C???????A???B?,?????????????? D???????A???
??B?,??A???C?,??????????????
ABCD
BC
2????UAB WAB/q ?WAB qUAB???,???? A????A?B??????
???????????q??? B?????A?B?????????,?????WAB???q???
C?UAB?q?WAB??,?????????????? D?WAB?q?UAB??,??????
????
12
3????????????,A?B??????????,? A?B???????A??? B?B??
?????A??? C?????A???B?,?????????? D?A?????????????
??????????B?
B
BD
4??????UAB???fA ?fB???,???? A?UAB??B??A???????,?UA
B fB - fA B?UAB?UBA????,?????UAB -UBA C?fA
?fB????,??????? D??????????????,??????????????????
?
13
AD
5????????? A??????????,???????? B????A???B?,??????
?,????????????? C????????????,??????????? D???????
????????????????
5???????q -3.010-6 C????,?????A???B??,???????6.
010-4J,?B???C??,?????9.010-4 J??? (1)A?B?C?????
???UAB ?UBC?UCA????? (2)???B?????,?A?C?????fA?fC??
???????A?C??????EPA?EPC???????
(1)200V,-300V,100V (2)200V,300V -6.010-4J,
-9.010-4J
14
??
1??????,???????????
2?????????