Chapter 11 The Reformation

1
Chapter 11 The
Reformation
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• Drill Questions

2
Which of these events occurred first?
Diet of Augsburg
?
Luther translates the Latin Bible into German
The Peace of Passau
The Peace of Augsburg
3
What were Charles Vs hopes when he called the
Diet of Augsburg in 1530?
Charles wanted to solve the growing religious
divisions within Germany and reconvert the
Lutherans to Catholicism.
So what happened?
Charles demanded that the Lutheran princes
reconvert and they defied him and forced Charles
to listen to a confession of their faith, called
the Augsburg Confession.
What did that mean?
It meant that the Reformation was so firmly
entrenched in Germany that a return to Rome was
impossible.
4
Whom did Bloody Mary Queen Mary I take for
her husband and make King of England?
Charles V of Spain
Gustavus Vasa of Sweden
?
Philip II of Spain
Christian III of Denmark
Christian II of Denmark
5
Who wrote, The Institutes of the Christian
Religion?
John Calvin
Who wrote Leave no stone unturned and Where there
is smoke, there is fire?
Erasmus
Who wrote Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth?
William Shakespeare
6
Who were the two Dutch Anabaptist immigrants who
came to Munster in 1534 and required all Lutherns
and Catholics to become Anabaptist or get out?
Menno Simons
Caspar Hedio
?
Jan Matthys
?
Jan Beukelsz
Conrad Grebel
7
They were the ancestors of the modern day
Menonites and Amish?
The Anabaptists
What crucial teaching did the Anabaptists reject
that was practiced by Roman Catholics,
Zwinglians, Anglicans and Lutherans?
Infant Baptism
8
Which of the following is associated with Michael
Sattler?
Treasury of Merits
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
?
Schleitheim Articles
The Defense of the Seven Sacraments
The Society of Jesus
9
Who was the author of the 95 Theses?
Martin Luther
Gerhard Groote founded what institution whose
members did not take monastic vows but still
lived a religious life and ran schools and
helped poor children?
Brothers of the Common Life, also known as the
Modern Devotion
10
In Protestant and many Catholic countries
during the Reformation, the status of women
did not improve at all
improved marginally (just a little)
remained about the same
definitely improved
?
11
As a result of the writing The Defense of the
Seven Sacraments
Pope Leo X gave Edward VI the title Defender of
the Faith
Lutheran ideas spread rapidly in England
?
it was rumored that Thomas More was the real
author
John Calvin wrote the Institutes of the Christian
Religion
12
Who is this Reformation leader who in 1533 had a
conversion experience and said that God by a
sudden conversion subdued and brought my mind to
a teachable frame? This led him to sternness and
severity on others whom he felt needed conversion
so that his theology came to stress the
sovereignty of God and mans obligation to obey
Gods will.
John Calvin "John Calvin by Holbein" by Hans
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13
Even though Saxony and Hesse were defeated at the
Battle of Mühlberg, the city of Magdeburg
continued to defy Charles V and became a center
of Lutheran resistance. What did this mean?
Protestantism was too firmly entrenched in
Germany to be extirpated.
?
Charles V was finally able to dominate Germany.
Denmark would remain Lutheran.
Protestants nevertheless began to reconvert and
become Roman Catholics again.
14
Who was the English reformer who translated the
Latin New Testament into English in 1524-25 while
he was in Germany. His New Testament was printed
in Germany and taken to England where it quickly
circulated. He was later convicted of heresy and
executed.
William Tyndale
What religious order was founded in 1530 by three
Italian noblemen, who vowed to seek no personal
gain and to give themselves to teaching, hearing
confessions, establishing missions, educating
youth and ministering in hospitals, prisons and
to the dying.
The Barnabites or the Clerics Regular of St. Paul
15
Which of the following is associated with Henry
VIII?
Treasury of Merits
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
Schleitheim Articles
?
The Defense of the Seven Sacraments
The Society of Jesus
16
What was result of the First Battle of Kappel in
1529?
It was a Protestant victory which forced the
Catholic cantons (states) to recognize the rights
of the Protestant cantons.
What was result of the Second Battle of Kappel in
1531?
It was a Catholic victory in which Zwingli was
killed but in the treaty which followed, each
Swiss canton was free to choose its own religion.
17
Which of the following is associated with Martin
Luther?
Treasury of Merits
?
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
Schleitheim Articles
The Defense of the Seven Sacraments
The Society of Jesus
18
Who wrote The Imitation of Christ?
Thomas à Kempis
Whose philosophy did The Imitation of Christ
illustrate?
The Brothers of the Common Life.
What were Thomas à Kempis two most famous quotes?
(1) At the Day of Judgment we shall not be asked
what we have read, but what we have done
(2) Man proposes, but God disposes
19
Which of the following was NOT accomplished at
the Council of Trent?
Trent acknowledged the abuses in the Church
Trent created a standardized liturgy or mass
Trent required bishops to be visible in their
dioceses
Trent defined Roman Catholic theology in detail
?
Trent adopted Justification by Faith theology
20
Matteo da Bascio, a Franciscan friar in Italy,
sought to return the Franciscans to the primitive
and holy ways of St. Francis of Assisi. What was
his order called
The Capuchins
What was the name of this religious movement
within the Catholic Church (mostly in France)
that echoed the Augustinian tradition and
Calvinism in that it emphasized original sin,
human depravity, the necessity of divine grace,
and predestination?
Jansenism
21
Which of the following is associated with Saint
Ignatius Loyola?
Treasury of Merits
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
Schleitheim Articles
The Defense of the Seven Sacraments
?
The Society of Jesus
22
Conrad Grebel was an Anabaptist who broke with
Zwingli, who preferred a more gradual rejection
of corrupt religious practices. What did Grebels
group come to be called?
The Swiss Brethren
What were the Schleitheim Articles?
The Schleitheim Articles (authored by Michael
Sattler) were the first Anabaptist Confession of
Faith which not only affirmed the necessity of
adult baptism but also the practice of refusing
to swear oaths and taking part in secular
government
23
Foundling Homes or Hospitals
treated the wounded and were the idea of Philip
Melanthon
caused Ignatius Loyola to write Spiritual
Exercises
?
were places where unwanted infants were left
were an outgrowth of the Genevan Academy
24
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When Luther proclaimed at the Diet of Worms, I
cannot and will not recant anything, since it is
neither safe nor right to go against conscience.
May God help me., what did the Emperor Charles V
do?
He had Luther made an outlaw.
25
What did the reformers get from Henry VIII?
The invocation of the Saints
Certitude of Salvation
Clerical Celibacy
?
Justification by Faith
26
Henry VIII did not want a divorce. He wanted what?
an annulment
Name Henry VIII first three wives in order and
the child each bore him.
Catherine of Aragon - Mary
Ann Boelyn - Elizabeth
Jane Seymour - Edward
27
Which of the following was the most radical form
of Protestantism?
Anabaptism
Anglicanism
Lutheranism
?
Calvinism
28
In 1529 when Henry VIII didnt get his
annulment, he dismissed Wolsey, who had worked
for years to gain the annulment, and, although
Thomas More became chancellor, Henry took as his
principal advisors _______________ (soon to
become Archbishop of Canterbury) and
__________________, both of whom had
_________leanings. Their solution was simple
declare the king the head of the Church in
England then the king could solve his own
problem.
Thomas Cranmer
Thomas Cromwell
Lutheran
29
When Calvin produced his doctrine of
Predestination, he was influenced by
Martin Luther
Thomas Aquinas
?
Augustine of Hippo
Thomas Cranmer
30
How were Northern Humanists different than
Italian Humanists?
Northern Humanists had a stronger religious
sincerity and generally urged like Erasmus, Jean
Colet and Thomas à Kempis a return to a more
simple and heartfelt religion.
Who was this priest and product of Northern
Humanism who became the father of the Swiss
Reformation? He said that Erasmus more than
Luther set him on the path to reformation
Ulrich Zwingli
31
Which of the following is associated with Pope
Clement VI?
?
Treasury of Merits
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
Schleitheim Articles
The Defense of the Seven Sacraments
The Society of Jesus
32
Who said, As soon as a coin in the coffer rings,
the soul from purgatory springs.
Johann Tetzel
In 1520, Luther wrote a pamphlet, An Address to
the Christian Nobility of the German Nation. What
did it want from the nobility?
Luther wanted the German princes to force the
Church to reform, especially in the areas
curtailing the Churchs political and economic
interference in Germany
33
Which of the following best describes the
Reformation?
Rejection of the principle of cuius regio, eius
religio (whose kingdom, his religion)
Support for the papacy
A rejection of the New Learning
A rebirth of Humanism
?
The last gasp of medieval piety
34
This protégée and son-in-law of Zwingli, became
the new leader of the movement and guided its
eventual merging into Calvinism after the death
of Zwingli at the Second Battle of Kappel.
Heinrich Bullinger
"
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35
When Luther wrote a pamphlet, the Babylonian
Captivity of the Church, what was its thrust?
Luther attacked the Roman Catholic Doctrine of
the Seven Sacraments, arguing that only the
Eucharist and Baptism were fully scriptural.
What was Luthers main point in his pamphlet,
Freedom of a Christian?
In Freedom of a Christian, Luther taught his
doctrine of Salvation by faith alone.
36
What two enemies kept Charles V from dealing
quickly with Luther and his growing popularity?
Francis I of France and the Ottoman Turks
When Charles V at the Diet of Speyer in 1526
conceded that each German state was free to
enforce or not enforce the Edict of the Diet of
Worms which declared Luther an outlaw, what was
the result?
The result was that Lutheran German princes were
given time to firmly establish Lutheranism in
Germany
37
For what two reasons did princes in Germany break
with the Roman Church?
Romes banning of the sale of Indulgences
Fear of the Imperial Diet
The influence of Ignatius Loyola
?
Genuine religious belief
?
Political advantage
38
In the 1530s, Protestants in Germany organized a
defensive league against the emperor and the
Roman Catholic Church. Name it
The Schmaldkaldic League
Why did Luther not support the Peasants Revolt?
Because as far as Luther was concerned, Christian
freedom meant a spiritual release from guilt and
anxiety - not revolutionary bloodshed
39
He was a German priest, theologian and defender
of Catholicism during the Protestant Reformation.
He first sympathized with Luther but when Luther
attacked the Church, he attacked Luther. He was
the emperors prosecutor at the Diet of Worms.
Johan Eck
Under which English monarch was a religious
compromise effected whereby the Anglican Church
became a Bridge Church as it kept much of the
basic Catholic practices and theology, but
adopted many Protestant ideas?
Elizabeth I
40
If Luther had supported the peasants in the
Peasants' rebellion, what would have been the
probable result?
The Reformation would have died immediatley
Lutheranism might not have survived beyond the
1520s
?
Charles V would have united Germany
Europe would have been gravely weakened before
the onslaught of the Ottoman Turks
41
After Martin Luther defied the Emperor Charles V
at Worms in 1521, this power friend of Luthers
had Luther kidnapped and and hidden in Wartburg
Castle for almost a year.
Frederick III of Saxony
Frederick the Wise
While at Wartburg Castle, what did Luther
accomplish?
He translated the New Testament into German.
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42
________________________were issued by Henry VIII
and reaffirmed Transubstantiation, Holy Communion
in the bread only, clerical celibacy and the
continuance of private masses and confessions.
Protestants angrily called the Six Articles a
_____________________.
The Six Articles of 1539
a whip with six stings
Who was the author who wrote Don Quixote?
Cervantes
43
What did Pope Leo X demand in his Papal bull,
Exsurge Domine Arise, O Lord?
that indulgences no long be sold
That Henry VIII refuse his title Defender of the
Faith
That Martin Luther recant his teachings
?
That Humanism was a grave sin
That John Calvin be burned for heretical doctrines
44
In 1343, which pope proclaimed a Treasury of
Merits?
Clement VI
What was a Plenary Indulgence?
A Plenary Indulgence erased all punishment in
purgatory for the living or the dead.
Why did Julius II authorize the selling of
Indulgences?
To raise money to build a new Saint Peters
Basilica.
45
Who was the first person to perform an adult
rebaptism in Zurich in 1525?
Martin Luther
Michael Sattler
?
Conrad Grebel
Ulrich Zwingli
Antoine Froment
46
Whose quintessential work was Spiritual Exercises?
Ignatius Loyola
What was the movement within the Catholic Church
(mostly in France) that echoed the Augustinian
tradition and Calvinism in that it emphasized
original sin, human depravity, the necessity of
divine grace, and predestination?
Jansenism
Who wrote the Dark Night of the Soul, which tells
the story of a human soul leaving its bodily home
to find mystical union with God.
Saint John of the Cross
47
Which of the following did Luther advocate?
Transubstantiation
Clerical Celibacy
?
Sola Scriptura
Denial of the consecrated wine to the laity
The sale of Indulgences but only if the sinner
repented
48
In the Peace of _______ in 1552, an emotionally
broken Charles V guaranteed religious freedom to
Lutherans in the empire which ended his quest to
make his empire Catholic. In 1555, the
________________ made the principle
______________________ (whose kingdom, his
religion), meaning that the prince of any
principality determined the religion that would
be practiced in his domain. That meant that if a
person did not like his princes religion, then
he had to emigrate. Thus, the division of Western
Christendom was permanent.
Passau
Peace of Augsburg
cuius regio, eius religio
49
Which of the following describes Ulrich Zwingli?
He supported clerical celibacy
He believed that whatever lacked literal
Scriptural support was to not to be believed.
?

He was the Father of Anabaptism
He taught the doctrines of Absolute
Predestination and Certitude of Salvation
50
In 1529, Parliament was convened for a seven year
session that would earn it the name, the
Reformation Parliament. It made Henry VIII
the head of the Church in England
In 1532, Parliament passed the ___________________
____ Act which placed Canon church Law under
the kings control thus making the clergy
subservient to the king. This was called the
Principle of _________________.
Submission of the Clergy
Royal Supremacy
51
In 1534, this was an Act of the Parliament of
England under King Henry VIII declaring that he
was "the only supreme head on earth of the Church
in England" This Act is often seen as the
beginning of the English Reformation even though
Henry would not abandon Catholic theology.
The Act of Supremacy
He was the Archbishop of Canterbury and a
principal advisor to Henry VIII of England. When
Henry withdrew the Church in England from Roman
obedience, he issued the annulment that Henry
wanted.
Thomas Cranmer
52
In Sweden, ___________________ embraced
Lutheranism and was supported by the nobility who
were anxious to seize church lands. In Poland,
Lutherans, Anabaptists, Calvinists and even
________________ found a place to practice their
religions even though Poland remained
overwhelmingly _______________.
King Gustavus I Vasa
Antitrinitarians
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Roman Catholic
53
After the Münster debacle, Anabaptists became
moderate and pacifistic. Who followed this lead
and became the founder of the Mennonites?
Menno Simons
Who were the mostly isolated individuals
characterized by a dislike for external,
institutional religion whose only religious
authority was the Sprit of God which spoke to
them, not in some past revelation, but in the
here and now.
Spiritualists
54
What two men led a semi-Zwinglian group that
produced the non-Lutheran Tetrapolitan Confession
in 1530?
Ulrich Zwingli
?
Caspar Hedio
Heinrich Bullinger
?
Martin Bucer
Conrad Grebel
55
Who was the Spiritualist who abandoned
Lutheranism and flirted with Anabaptism until he
was killed in the Peasants Revolt of 1525.
Thomas Müntzer
Who took the Reformation to Silesia? He was
influenced by the Spiritualists but developed his
own principles such as opposition to infant
baptism, war, secret societies, and oath-taking.
Many of his followers later emigrated to America
Caspar Schwenckfeld
56
When the city of Münster was transformed into an
Old Testament theocracy with charismatic leaders
and polygamy, how did the Catholics and Lutherans
react?
?
They crushed them
They tolerated them
They forced them to become Lutherans
They forced them to become Calvinists
57
What is the belief that God appointed some people
to salvation by his grace, while leaving the
remainder to receive eternal damnation for their
sins.
Absolute Predestination
What is Calvins teaching that God the Holy Ghost
works to bring about the salvation of preordained
individuals by means of grace and without the
cooperation from the individual.
Certitude of Salvation
58
The Marburg Colloquy, a discussion between
Luther and Zwingli produced fifteen statements
of which fourteen were agreed upon. What was the
only area where agreement could not be reached?
Jansenism
The Act of Supremacy
?
The nature of the Eucharist
The doctrines of Absolute Predestination and
Certitude of Salvation
59
From 1546 to 1547 in the Schmalkaldic War,
_________ and his allies fought the League and
crushed them at the Battle of _________,
capturing John Frederick of _______ and Philip of
______. The emperor then established puppet
rulers in those conquered states and issued an
imperial law requiring Protestants to reconvert
and again become Roman Catholics.
Charles V
Mühlberg
Saxony
Hesse
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60
Who were the group that believed that they were
people of commonsense, rational and ethical
religion? Most prominent was Michael Servetus,
who was burned at the stake with the support of
Calvin.
The Antitrintarians
Why is Faustus Sozzini important?
He helped to found Socianism which not only
denied the Trinity but also Original Sin and that
Christ existed as God before he was born as a
man.
Who are the modern day descendants of Socianism?
Unitarians
61
Which of the following Reformational Churches had
a strong Iconoclastic streak?
Anglicanism
Jansenism
Lutheranism
?
Calvinism
62
Their goal was to dedicate themselves to the
giving of aid and caring for the poor, to
orphans, abandoned youths and the sick.
Theatines
?
Somaschi
Antitrinitarians
Scholastics
63
In the 1530s, German Lutherans created
Consistories. What were they and what was their
function?
Consistories were judicial bodies of theologians
and lawyers whose purpose was to oversee and
administer the new Protestant churches.
King _____________ of Denmark introduced
Lutheranism into Denmark where it took root and
thrived under his successor Frederick I, who
himself remained Catholic. But his son,
____________ made Lutheranism the state religion
and all subsequent Danish kings were Lutheran.
Christian II
Christian III
64
Founded by St. Philip Neri , they were society of
priests and lay-brothers who lived together in a
community bound together with no formal vows but
only with the bond of charity. They were an elite
group who devoted themselves to the promotion of
religious literature and church music.
?
Oratorians
Ursulines
Clerics Regular of St. Paul
The Capuchins
65
Who had fought with the emperors victorious
forces at Mühlberg and had been rewarded with the
title of Elector and was then picked by Charles V
to capture the rebellious Lutheran city of
Magdeburg
Maurice of Saxony
But Maurice was a Protestant who felt he had
betrayed his faith! What did he do and what was
the result?
Maurice signed anti-Habsburg treatieswith France
and Germany's Protestant princes thus effectively
changing sides. Confronted by this new resistance
and exhausted by three decades of war, the
emperor was forced to relent.
66
In 1531, the Schmaldkaldic League was formed by
the Lutheran princes under the leadership of what
two men?
?
Philip of Hesse
Giovanni Perluigi da Palestrina
Frederick III of Denmark
Gustavus Vasa of Sweden
?
John Frederick, elector of Saxony
67
________ at right feared the Reformation as a
threat to the Catholic Church and to sound
learning. _________________, a German
freethinker and reformer, pointed out the
parallels between Luthers and Zwinglis debates
over Christs presence in the ___________ to the
old ___________ debates about the Immaculate
Conception of the Virgin Mary. So both Erasmus
and Franck saw a narrowing of humanism once it
was taken over by Protestant thinking.
Erasmus
Sebastian Franck
Eucharist
Scholastic
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68
He founded the Theatine Order to groom
reform-minded leaders at the higher levels of the
church hierarchy.
?
Saint Cajetan
Pope Paul IV
Matteo da Bascio
Saint Jerome Emiliani
69
In 1530, Charles V summoned the ________________
which was an assembly of both Lutheran and
Catholic representatives. The Diet was supposed
to resolve the __________________________________
______and reconvert the Lutherans to Catholicism.
Charles demanded that the Lutheran princes
reconvert and they defied him and forced Charles
to listen to a confession of their faith, called
the ___________________. This defiance proved
that a return to Rome was impossible
Diet of Augsburg
growing religious divisions within Germany
Augsburg Confession
70
He was the principal author of the Book of Common
Prayer
Thomas More
Thomas Cromwell
Thomas Wolsey
?
Thomas Cranmer
71
He was the sickly child and was tutored by
reformers who were Calvinist in outlook and
corresponded regularly with John Calvin. Under
his reign, the Reformation was introduced into
England.
Edward VI
Edward VI died at the age of seventeen in 1553
and Catherine of Aragons daughter came to the
throne as Mary I. What was her major intention?
Mary intended to take England back to the
obedience of the Roman Catholic Church.
72
John Calvin encouraged personal study of the
Bible and compared the Bible to
a road map
?
a pair of glasses
The Book of Common Prayer
Absolute Predestination
73
He was a humanist professor of Greek at the
University of Wittenberg where he reformed the
curriculum on the humanist model. In his first
address, On Improving the Studies of the Youth,
he claimed to be the defender of good letters and
classical studies against the barbarians who
still practiced the barbarous arts.
Philip Melanchthon
By barbarians, Melanchthon was referring to the
_____________, whose methodology of dialectical
reasoning to find truth, he believed actually
hurt both good letters and sound biblical
doctrine.
Scholastics
74
In 1537, Cardinal Contarini presented a report on
abuses in the Roman Curia which ultimately forced
Pope Paul III to..
suppress it
seek the help of Ignatius Loyola
to support Jansenism
?
call for a general church council
75
Who was the father of Catherine of Aragon and the
grandfather of her nephew Charles V?
Frederick III
?
Ferdinand
Henry VII
Francis I