DO IN-VEHICLE ADVANCE SIGNS BENEFIT OLDER AND YOUNGER DRIVER INTERSECTION PERFORMANCE?

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DO IN-VEHICLE ADVANCE SIGNS BENEFIT OLDER
ANDYOUNGER DRIVER INTERSECTION PERFORMANCE?

• Professor Liu
• Student Ruby

2
Purpose Motive

• Purpose
• Using the HUD to decrease the accident in the
  interaction.
• Motive
• Older drivers have the high percentage in the
  crash.
• The advanced signs which can improve the car
  accidents.

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References

• Older drivers have the higher occurrence at the
  interaction accidents. (Preusser et al., 1998)
• 2. Older drivers have the lower reaction times,
  bad vision, and slower information processing
  abilities. (Caird et al, 2005 Maltz Shinar,
  1999)

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Method

• Driving simulator
• The simulator was combined with KQ Corporation
  (DriveSafety).
• Eye Movement System
• Applied Sciences Laboratory (ASL) 501 system.
• Head Mounted Optics Module (HMO).
• Magnetic Head Tracking Hardware (MHT).

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Method

• Participants
• 12 Young people. (6 male and 6 female)
• The age is from 18 to 24 (M21.5)
• 12 Old people. (6 male and 6 female)
• The age is from 65 to 76 (M69.2)
• The detail is showed on Table 1.

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Table 1
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Procedures

• 6-minute practice drive included two light
  changes one at 2.21 s and one at 1.73 s from the
  intersection stop line.
• Four 10-minute drives and for each session have
  12 intersections.
• 48 interactions, there were 24 traffic sign
  changed to yellow. Half were 1.73 s and half were
  2.21 s.

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Procedures

• The first and last experiment session were
  baseline.
• The occurrence of lights that changed were
  randomized within each drive.
• The rectangular and diamond sign icons were
  displayed for 4 seconds in the HUD.

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Result

• Independent variables
• Age group (18-24, 65).
• Drive type (baseline and experimental).
• Head-up display sign type (diamond and
  rectangular signs).
• Dependent variables
• Stop or go behavior.
• Vertical and horizontal stare variability.
• Stare duration percent.
• Stare count.

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Result - Stop / Go probability

• The percentage of those differed between age
  groups in the baseline (?2 (1, 288) 4.4, p lt
  0.037) and HUD (?2 (1, 288) 11.8, p lt 0.001)
  conditions

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Result Eye Movement Analysis

• Vertical variability.
• Younger drivers had significantly greater
  vertical stare variability than the older group.
  F(1, 322) 22.60, plt 0.001.
• In the baseline condition, drivers had
  significantly greater variability in vertical
  stare position than the experimental condition
  with the HUD. F(1, 322) 4.18, p 0.05.
• Horizontal variability.
• Older drivers had significantly greater
  horizontal variability compared to the younger
  drivers. F(1, 322) 31.71, p lt0.001.
• In the baseline drive, a significantly higher
  horizontal stare variability was found compared
  to the experimental HUD drive. F(1, 322) 10.47,
  p lt 0.05.
• Older drivers horizontal stare variability was
  significantly greater in the baseline
  intersections than in the experimental HUD
  intersections.

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Result Eye Movement Analysis

• Fixation duration percent.
• Younger drivers spent a significantly large
  percent of their time stare on the HUD compared
  to the older drivers. F(1, 122) 15.74, p lt
  0.001.
• Fixation count.
• The older drivers made a significantly larger
  number of stares to the roadway scene compared to
  the younger drivers. F(1, 298) 15.86, p lt
  0.001.
• Younger drivers made significantly more stares to
  the HUD itself compared to the older drivers.
  F(1, 122) 10.94, p 0.001.

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Discussion

• Younger drivers tended to focus on the HUD more
  often the older drivers, it because
• They may have been less comfortable restricting
  their search for important traffic information
  ahead.
• Younger drivers may have been more curious about
  the HUD presence, and thus looked at it more
  often.

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Discussion

• When the HUD was present, stare variability
  decreased in both planes. The advanced HUD sign
  may decrease the requirement to look at the
  traffic lights as frequently.
• Reductions in horizontal scanning may carryover
  from looking at the HUD, which is not necessarily
  a positive benefit.