?. ??a?????

1
??ad?µ?t??? ?ta??e?a ??????????? ???t???
??t??d?t???? ????d??

• ?. ??a?????
• ??µ?? ?at????
• ??t?d?µa???? ?????aµµat?sµ??
• ?a? ?p?pte?a? ??µ. ??aµ/t??
• email tzanakos_at_patras.gr

2
?? e??a? ??????????t?ta

• ??????????t?ta ????eta? µe e??e?a ?????a ?? t?
  p????µ???, ef??t? ?a? ?a???t?µ? ap? p???t???,
  ?????????, ??????µ??? ?a? te????????? ?p???
  pe??ß?????, ap?te???µe?? ap?
• t?? pa???? ???????? s??d?se?? st? ??ad??t??
• t?? ?at?????? d??t?a?? ?p?d?µ?
• t?? d??at?t?ta t?? p???t? ?a ep????e?
• t? ?at?????? ???µ?st??? p?a?s?? ap?te???µe?? ap?
  p???t????, µ?t?a, p??t?ß????e?, ?µese? ?a?
  ?µµese? pa?eµß?se??, a?a??a?e? ??a t?? e?d???µ?s?
  t?? ?a???t?µ?a? ?a? t?? p??stas?a t?? a?ta????sµ??

3
?? p??sf??e?

• ???s?t?, ????p?st?, G?????? ?a? S??e??? s??des?
  Internet (?p?? t? ??e?t???? ?e?µa, ??? ?p?? ?
  t??ef????? s??d???e??) p?? f???e?
• ??????? p??sßas? st? web,
• ?ad??f???, t??e??as?, ta???e?, ???a????a
• ??e? ?p??es?e?, V?IP, t??ed??s?e??,
  e??as?a-µ???s?-?at???? f???t?da ap? ap?stas?
• ?a e????????? d??t?a ?a? ?p??es?e? e??a? ?d? t?
  ??? ?a???t?µ? µ?s? ep????????a? st?? ???e?, p?? ?
  d?e?sd?s? ??e? ft?se? se s?µa?t??? ep?peda

4
? s?µas?a t?? ??????????t?ta? (1/2)

• O ?p?t??p?? t?? FCC st?? ?µe????, Michael Copps
  e??e a?af??e? ?a e????????? d??t?a ?a e??a?
  ??a t?? 21? a???a t?s? ???t???? s?µas?a? ?s? ?ta?
  ??a t?? 19? a???a ?? d??µ??, ta ?a????a ?a? ??
  s?d???d??µ???? ??aµµ?? ?a? ??a t?? 20? a???a ta
  t??ep????????a?? d??t?a ?a? ta ta??tata µ?sa
  µa????? µetaf????.
• O ??µa???? t?? Sa? F?a?s?s?? se d???se?? t??
  t???se?p?? t? f?? ?a? t? ?e??, t? as??µat?
  d??t?? p??pe? ?a ???e? µ???? t?? a????p????
  d??a??µ?t??

5
? s?µas?a t?? ??????????t?ta? (2/2)

• ? ????? ????pa??? ?p?t??p?? a?µ?d??? ??a t??
  ???????a t?? ?????f???a?, Erkki Liikanen e??e
  a?af??e??? e?????????? ?p?d?µ?? ?a? ?p??es?e?
  e??a? s?µe?a t?s? s?µa?t???? ??a t?? ??????µ?a,
  ?s? ?p???e ?a? ? ??e?t??sµ??. ???µ? ?a? a? de?
  ?ata?aßa????µe t? s?µas?a t??? a? t? ?????µe. Ta
  t? a?t???f???µe ?ta? te?e??s??µe.
• ? ????pa?a ep?t??p?? a?µ?d?a ??a t?? "???????a
  t?? ?????f???a?" ?a? ta Media, Viviane Reding
  e??e a?af??e?St???? µa? e??a? µ???? t? 2010,
  ?a e??a? s??dedeµ??a ta µ?s? e???pa??? ??????????
  se e????????? d??t?a µe ta??t?te? t??????st?? 10
  Megabit t? de?te???ept?, ep?t??p??ta? ?ts? t??
  p??sßas? se p???s?e? µ??f?? ep????????a? ?p?? t?
  video.

6
? ??????????t?ta ?? ??µ?s?? ??a?? (1/4)

• S?µe?a ?? d?µ?s?a a?a?? de? ?a p??pe? ?a
  ?e?????ta? µ??? ta pa?ad?s?a??, a??? ?a? ta ??a
  a?a?? p?? ep?f??e? ? te???????a
• ???et?? f??e?? a??? ?a? p??s?pa ????? p??????se?
  st?,
• d?µ??????a pa??t???? ?p?d?µ?? ?pt???? ???? p??
  a?????? st??? d?µ???
• d?µ??????a a????t?? as??µat?? d??t???, se p?????
  p??e??
• e?e??e?? ???s? ? d?e?d???s? ?ad??s????t?t??
• ?a ape?e??e??µ??a ?a????a µp????? ?a d?ate????
  ??a t? d?µ??????a as??µat?? e?????????? d??t???.

7
? ??????????t?ta ?? ??µ?s?? ??a?? (2/4)

• ? ??????????t?ta ?p?d?µ? t?? 21?? a???a.
• ?p?d?? s?µa?t??? ?a? µe p?e??e?t?µata st??
  e?pa?de?s?, st?? a??pt???, st?? ??????µ?a (?
  ??????µ??? a??pt??? ?fe??eta? ?at? 50 st?? ??e?
  te???????e?), st? d?µ??????a ???? ??se??
  e??as?a?, st? d?µ?s?a d?????s?, st?? ??e??a, st??
  ?a???t?µ?a, st? d?as??das? ??p.
• ? e?????????t?ta pa??µ????eta? µe t? ??e?t????
  ?e?µa ?a? t? ?e?? ?? ????????? a?a?? ?a? ??
  e?????????? ?p?d?µ?? pa??µ??????ta? µe t???
  (d?µ?s????) d??µ???
• ??p??a st??µ? ? p??sßas? se e????????? d??t?a ?a
  ???ste? ?a e??a? ?a?????? ?p??es?a
• ??at?p??eta? ? ?p??? p?? ? p??sßas? se e?????????
  d??t?a ?a p??pe? ?a ?e??e?ta? d?µ?s?? a?a?? ?a?
  ?a p??sf??eta? se ????? t??? p???te?

8
? ??????????t?ta ?? ??µ?s?? ??a?? (3/4)

• ?? p???t???? se p????? ???e? ?e????? t??
  e?????????t?ta sa? ??a pa?????ta ????s?? t??
  ??????µ?a? ?a? t? d?µ??????a ???? ??se?? e??as?a?
• ? ??µa???? t?? Sa? F?a?s?s?? pa??µ??ase t??
  e?????????t?ta µe t? ??e?t???? ?e?µa ?a? t? ?e??
  d??????ta? ?t? ?p?? t? f?? ?a? t? ??e?t????
  ?e?µa ?ts? ?a? ? e?????????t?ta e??a? ?????????
  a?a??.

9
? ??????????t?ta ?? ??µ?s?? ??a?? (4/4)

• ? ?ap???a ??e? sa st??? t?? s??des? ???? (100)
  µe d??t?a ?pt???? ????
• ??? ap?? t?? ??????, a??? t? s??des?!!!
• ? Ga???a ??e? ???se? t?? e?????????t?ta ??
  ????????? a?a??
• ? ???ß???a µe ??µ? ????e? t?? e????????? s??des?
  st? 1Mbps ?? ??µ?µ? d??a??µa ????, µe p???pt???
  ?a ???e? ??µ?µ? d??a??µa ? e????????? s??des? sta
  100Mbps

10
??????sa ?at?stas?

• St?? µe???e? p??e?? t?? ?e??f??e?a? ??t????
  ????da?, a??? ?a? t?? ?e??fe?e??? ?e??p????s??,
  ?????? ??s?? ?a? ?pe???? ????? e?ta??e? p???e??
  st? ?? ???????a t?? ?????f???a?, µ?s? t??
  ???s???se?? ?93 ?a? ?145, ??a t?? ???p???s? ?????
  µ?t??p???t???? e?????????? d??t??? ?pt???? ????
  µe ßas??? st??? t?? d?as??des? ?t????? d?µ?s???
  e?d?af????t??.
• ?e???e? p??e?? t?? a??t??? ?e??fe?e???
  a?tap???????a? µe ep?t???a st?? p??s???s? t??
  ?p??es?a? ??a?e???s?? t?? ?p??e???s?a???
  ??????µµat?? ??f?a?? S?????s? ??a t?? ?p??tas?
  t?? ??t??p???t???? ??????????? ???t??? ?pt????
  ????

11
??a??a??t?ta

• ?µ??, ta d?µ???????µe?a d??t?a ?pt???? ???? e??a?
  ap?µ???µ??a µeta?? t??? ?a??? t? ?a???a ap? a?t?
  e??a? e?t?? t?? e??st?te ??µ?? ?a? ? ???e???
  d?as??des?? µeta?? t?? d?µ?t???? a?t?? d??t???
  de? ep?t??pe? ?a a?ade???e? ? µe???? t??? a??a
  a??? ?a? ? ap? ?????? t??? e?µet???e?s?
• ?a??? ?µ?? ta ???a, t? ??a µet? t? ????, ?????
  a???se? ?a ???????????ta? e??a? ep?ta?t??? ?
  a????? ?µes?? d?µ??????a? e??? s??µat?? p?? ?a
  ep?t???e? t?? ?µes? ?e?t?????a ?a? ??d?te??
  d?a?e???s? t?? e?????????? ?p?d?µ??, ?ts? ?ste ?a
  µ?? afe???? ????? s??t???s? se stad?a?? apa???s?.
• ???a? ad???t? a????? ?a ?ataste? saf?? p?? ?
  e?????????t?ta s???st? µ???? pe??fe?e?a???
  a??pt???? ?a? p??pe? ?a a?t?µet?p?ste? ?? d?µ?s??
  a?a??. ?at? s???pe?a, ? ????? t?? t?p????
  a?t?d?????s?? s???st? t?? ???s?µ?te?? ?s??
  pa?????ta ??a t?? ep?t???µ??? ?a? ap?te?esµat???
  a??pt??? t?? e?????????t?ta?.

12
???tas? ????? (1/2)

• ? ????? p??te??e? (Tessa?????? 2007) t?
  d?µ??????a ?e??fe?e?a??? ?p??e???µat???? S??µ?t??
  p?? ?a st??????ta? se d?ad?µ?t???? s??e??as?e?
  ?a? ?????? µ?t???? ?a e??a? ?? a?t?st????? ??µ??
  ?a? ?????t?te?. ?a S??µata ?a a?a??ß???
• ??a?e???s? ?a? es?te???? ep??tas? ?p?d?µ??
• ??as??des? d??t??? µeta?? t??? µe st??? t?
  d?µ??????a e??? e?????? d??t??? ???µ??
• ?p??tas? t?? ?p?d?µ?? µe st??? t?? pa???? ?pt????
  ??a? se ???e d?aµ???sµa/?t???? (FTTH/B) ?a? t??
  pa???? e?????????? s??d?se?? st?? d?sßate? ?a?
  ap?µa???sµ??e? pe?????? µ?s? as??µat??
  e?????????? ?p?d?µ??

13
???tas? ????? (2/2)

• ?e p??t?ß????e? t?? ??? ?d? d?aµ??f????ta? ??p??a
  ?e??fe?e?a?? S??µata.
• ? ????? ?a ????t?p???se? t??? ?p????p??? µp??st?
  ?ste ?a d?aµ??f????? ta ?p????pa ?e??fe?e?a??
  S??µata
• ? ????? ?a a??a???se? ta d?µ???????µe?a s??µata
  ?a? ?a e?t??e? t?? ?p?st????? t??? ?p? t?? a???da
  t??
• ?e pa??µßas? t?? ?????, ?a ?p???e? s??e????s? ?a?
  ???a?? ?????? st?at?????? ?a? p??e?a? ap? ta
  ?e??fe?e?a?? S??µata, ?ste ?a d?e?d????e? ?????
  st?? epe???µe?e? e?e???e??

14
???t?ß????e? ???

• ??µ?????????e ? p??t? ??f?a?? ?????t?ta (µe
  p??t?ß????a t?? ??µ????? ?????a???) µe s?µµet???
  t?? ??µ?? ?????a???, ????sa?, ?????, ??a? ????a?
  (?a???s?a?) ?a?d?tsa?, ??a??????, G?eße???,
  ???????, ?ate?????, ?aµ?a? ?a? ?????a?, st??
  ?e?t???? ????da.
• ??t?st???a, µe????? ??µ?? t?? ???t?? (??a??e???,
  ?a????, ?e??µ???, ??. ????????, S?te?a? ?a?
  ?e??pet?a?) p?a?µat?p???sa? ap? ?????? s?s?e??
  ??a t? s?????t?s? e??? a?t?st????? pe??fe?e?a???
  s??µat?? a???p???s?? ?a? ep??tas?? t?? d?µ?t????
  e?????????? t??? d??t???.

15
? p??t?ß????a t?? ??? st? ?? ????da

• S?stas? ???????????S ????????S ???????????
  ???t??? ?? ????da?
• S?µµet???
• 24 ??µ??
• St????
• ??a?e???s?, ??µet???e?s?, S??t???s?, ?p??tas?
• t?? e?????????? ?p?d?µ?? se ??? t? ??t?? ?a?
  d?t??? ????a t?? ????da?

16
??????

• ?e??f??e?e?
• ?e??p????s??
• ??t???? ????da?
• ?????? ??s??
• ?pe????
• ?? ??µ?? a?t?? s?????t??? ??a ?e???af??? e??a??
  s????? a??? ?a? ????? ??a?? a????st??? µ??e???
  ?ste ?a ?????? t? e??e???µa a???????
• S????? ?????sµ?? 1.149.613

17
???t?ß????e? ??µ?? ?at????

• ?p???af? ???µ????? S??e??as?a? µeta?? t?? 24
  ??µ?? ??a t?? s?stas? t?? ??ad?µ?t???? ?ta??e?a?
  ??????????? ???t??? ?? ????da? (?µe??da ??t?a,
  6/2/2009)
• ?????aµµat??? S?µßas? µeta?? t?? ??µ?? ?at????
  ?a? t?? ?a?ep?st?µ??? ?at??? µe a?t??e?µe?? t??
  e?p???s? ?e???-??????µ???? µe??t?? ß??s?µ?t?ta?
  ??a t?? ??ad?µ?t??? ?ta??e?a (23/9/2009,
  d????e?a 3 µ??e?)

18
?? ??aµa

• ???d?s? ??????????? ?p?d?µ?? ?????? p???t?ta? se
  ?s? d??at?? µe?a??te?? µ???? t?? p???t?? ?a?
  ep??e???se?? t?? ??t??d?t???? ????da?
• ?p??tas? t?? ?d? ?pa????t?? µ?t??p???t????
  d??t??? st? µe?a??te?? ?e???af??? tµ?µa t??
  e??st?te d?µ?? ??asf???s? e???te??? pa?????
  e?????????? ?p?d?µ??

19
????pt????

• ??ta????st???? ?p??es?e? p??sßas?? ?a?
  pe??e??µ????
• ??e??e??a ep?????? ??a t?? te???? ???st?
• S??e??? ße?t??s? t?? pa?e??µe??? ?p??es???
• ?e?t??s? t?? e??p???t?s?? t?? te????? ?ata?a??t?
• ???sf??? e?????????? ep?????? se ????? t???
  p???te? (universal service)?

20
??t??e?µe?? µe??t??

• ???tas? t?? ß??s?µ?t?ta? ??a ???e µ?a ap? t??
  pa?a??t? pe??pt?se??
• ??a?e???s? ?pa????s?? ?p?d?µ??
• ?p??tas? t?? µ?t??p???t???? d??t??? e?t?? t??
  e??st?te ???
• ??as??des? t?? µ?t??p???t???? d??t??? se e??a??
  d?ape??fe?e?a?? d??t??
• ?p??tas? ?a? ??as??des?

21
?e??t? ß??s?µ?t?ta?

• ? µe??t? ß??s?µ?t?ta? ?a
• ?p?????se? ta ?e?t??????? ??st? t?? d??t??? t??
  ??µ??
• S?ed??se? t?? ep??tas? t?? d??t??? ?a??? t??
  d?as??des? t??? se e??a?? d?ape??fe?e?a?? d??t??
• ?p?????se? ta ??st? ep??tas?? t?? d??t??? ?a?
  ?e???? ta ?p??a epe?d?t??? ??st?
• ?p?????se? t? ??st?? ?e?t?????a? t?? eta??e?a?
• ??a??se? t?? s?et??? a???? ?a? ?a e?t?µ?se? t?
  µ??e??? t??
• ?p?????se? ta e?t?µ?µe?a ?s?da
• ??e?e???se? t?? ?pa??? ?a? ???s? ?????
  ???µat?d?t???? p????
• ??t?µ?se? t?? ß??s?µ?t?ta t?? ???? e??e???µat??

22
???te???µe?? ?p??e???µat??? ???t??? (1/4)
23
???te???µe?? ?p??e???µat??? ???t??? (2/4)
?p?ped? ?a??te? ????? CAPEX OPEX ???? es?d??
1. ?p??es?e? (pe??e??µe?? efa?µ???? ?a? p??sßas? st? ??ad??t??) ?d??t???? eta??e?e? ??????? ?p??es??? ??t?t?ta e??p???s?? ?p??es??? ??????? ?p??es??? p??st???µe??? a??a? ??t?t?ta s?????t??s?? pe??e??µ???? ??????? pe??e??µ???? ??µ???????/?d???t?t?? pe??e??µ???? (?e? ?f?stata?) ????se?? ?a? µ???et????, ap??t?s? pe?at?? ?a????? se pe??te? F???t?da pe?at?? ????s? ?a? t?µ?????s? ??a?e???s? ?p??es??? ???pt??? p?????t??/p?atf??µ?? ?e??e??µe?? ??????? f?s???? d??t?a??? p???? ?a????sµ??/???µ?se?? (Regulation) ?s?da ap? t? s??d??µ? ??a pe??e??µe??, efa?µ???? ?a? p??sßas? st? ??ad??t??
24
???te???µe?? ?p??e???µat??? ???t??? (3/4)
?p?ped? ?a??te? ????? CAPEX OPEX ???? es?d??
2. ??e???? e??p??sµ?? d??t??? ?d??t???? eta??e?e? ??????? d??t??? p??sßas?? ??????? d??t??? ???µ?? (µ??? sta OSI Layers 2 ?a? 3) ??e???? e??p??sµ?? d??t??? (µeta???e?? ?.?p.) ????se?? ?a? µ???et????, ap??t?s? pe?at?? S??t???s? t?? e??p??sµ?? ?a? t?? s?s?e??? ?de?e? ????sµ????, ?pe????aß?e? s??t???s?? ?a????? se pe??te? F???t?da pe?at?? ??a?e???s? d??t??? ??????? f?s???? d??t?a??? p???? ?a????sµ??/???µ?se?? (Regulation) ?s?da ap? t??? pa?????? ?p??es??? ???? ??a ?p??es?e? ep????????a? ap? t? s??d??µ?t?
25
???te???µe?? ?p??e???µat??? ???t??? (4/4)

?p?ped? ?a??te? ????? CAPEX OPEX ???? es?d??
3. ?a??t???? e??p??sµ?? d??t??? ??ad?µ?t??? ?ta???a ??????????? ???t??? ??t??d?t???? ????d?? ??????? d??t??? ???µ?? (µ??? st? ep?ped? 1) ?a??t???? e??p??sµ?? (s?????se??, µ????-s?????se?? ?pt???? ??e?) ???as?e? (e?s?af??, ap??atast?se??, ?.?p.) S??t???s? t?? e??p??sµ?? ?a? t?? s?s?e??? ????s? ?a? t?µ?????s? ?a????? se pe??te? F???t?da pe?at?? ?a????sµ??/???µ?se?? (Regulation) ?s?da ap? t? e?????as? f?s???? d??t?a??? p???? ??st?st?ef??
26
???µat?d?t?s? p???? (1/3)

• ???e s?µµet???? ??µ?? e?sf??e? st? µet?????
  ?ef??a?? t?? eta???a? t? s????? t?? d??t??? p??
  ?atas?e??st??e sta p?a?s?a t?? ?93 ?a? ??e? st??
  ?????t?ta t??.
• ??t??s? µet??t??
• ??ape????? ?a?e?sµ??
• ?ataß??? µet??t?? ap? ??µ??? µe a???s? s?µµet????
  st?? eta???a
• ?ataß??? µet??t?? ap? t??t??? µe s?µµet??? st??
  eta???a

27
???µat?d?t?s? p???? (2/3)

• ?s?da ap? e?µet???e?s? ?pa????s?? ?p?d?µ??
• ????pa??? ???pe?a ?pe?d?se??
• ??apt???a??? ??µ??
• ???e? e??a???e?...

28
???µat?d?t?s? p???? (3/3)

• ? ????pa??? ?p?t??p? p??te??e ???µat?d?t?s? 1 d??
  ??a t?? a??pt??? e?????????? d??t??? se
  a???t???? pe??????
• ?? µ???? ?e????te??? p????? ??a t?? a?t?µet?p?s?
  t?? ?fes??
• ?? ???e? p?? a?af????ta? st?? e?s???s? t?? ?? ??
  ????se? ?d?a?te?? a????? e??a? ? ??????a, ?
  ????da ?a? ? S??ßa??a
• Ta p??pe? ?a d?e?e????e? ? d??at?t?ta ??a t?
  d?e?d???s? p???? p?? ?a ?d???s??? st?? ep??tas?
  t?? d??t??? ?a? se µ?-ast???? pe??????!

29
?e??ß????? e??????? ???µat??

• G?at? ?a µ?? a???p???s??µe ta ?pt??? ??? ??
  ?p?d?µ? p??sßas?? se ?p?????ta d??t?a ?a? ??e?
  p??t?ß????e?
• ?p?????? S??????S, ?????? ???t?? ??e??a? ?a?
  ?e???????a? (????), ?a?e?????? S?????? ???t??
  (?S?),
• S?ed???eta? ? ??a f?s? t?? ??????? ???t???
  ??µ?s?a? ??????s?? S??????S ??
• ??aµ??eta? s??t?µa t? ???? ?pt??? ??a st? Sp?t?
  - FTTH

30
??a??p???esµe? ?f??e?e? (??? S??????S ??)

• ?µesa ?f??? ??a t? ??µ?s?a ??????s?
• ???a? d??at? ? ?µes? ??ta?? t?? ??? st? S??e????
  ??
• ?e??s? ??st??? t?? d?µ?s??? t??ep????????a???
  dapa???
• ??????µ?e? ???µa?a? (ap? t?? e??e?a a???p???s?
  t?? ???)
• ? f?s??? ?p?d?µ? pa???eta? ap? t? d?µ?s?? ?a? ???
  ap? t?? p????? ?p??es?a?
• Se a??et?? pe??pt?se?? ? ?pt??? te???????a e??a?
  µa???p???esµa ??????µ???te?? ap? t?? as??µat?
  d?as??des? (??st?? s??t???s?? e?e????
  e??p??sµ??, d?a?es?µ?t?ta - ??????
  ap??at?stas??).
• ?a???t?µe? ?p??es?e? a???s? pa?a??????t?ta? ?a?
  a?ta????st???t?ta? t?? ??µ?s??? ??µ?a
• ?e?t??µ??a te????? ?a?a?t???st??? t?? s??d?se??
  ??a video, ap?µa???sµ??? s??e??as?a, ????t???t?ta
  (mobility) ?pa??????
• ????? p???t?ta ?p??es???
• ????? d?a?es?µ?t?ta, ?aµ??? ?a??st???s?, ??????e?
  ta??t?te?
• ???at?t?ta ??a ße?t??µ??a Service Level Agreements

31
?es?-µa???p???esµe? ????pt???? (??? S??????S ??)

• ???pt??? pe??fe?e?a??? e?????????? a?????
  ???s????s? epe?d?se??
• S???????s? ??t?s??
• ????es? d?a?e???s?? se t??ep????????a?? p?????
• ???d???? d???es? t?? ?p?d?µ?? se
  t??ep????????a???? p???????
• ??aµ??f?s? e??? ep?d?t??µe??? ????? se ß??s?µ?
  d??t?? ?p??es??? d?µ?s??? s?µf????t??

32
? ep?µe?? µ??a

• ? ???a µa? s?µe?a ??e???eta? ??a µe????
  a?apt???a?? ???? ??a t?? ?p?d?µ?? t??
  ??e?t??????? ep?????????? p?? ?a pa???e? s??des?
  µe ?pt??? ??a sta ?????????? ?a? t??
  ep??e???se??, se ??e? t?? p??e?? t?? ???a?.
• ???? a?t?st???? µe a?t? t?? ?atas?e??? t??
  e?????? ?d??, t?? ae??d??µ???, t?? ??µa???? t??
  µe????? ?p?d?µ??
• ??a t?t??? ???? apa?te? ??aµa, ???sp??e?a,
  ??????, ??????
• ? ????? t?? ??? ?a? t?? ????? e??a? s?µa?t????
  ?a? de? p??pe? ?a ?a?e? ? e??a???a t?? s?µe?????
  s??????a?

33

• ???t?se??
• ?p???e?
• ???a??st?!