The New Republic Begins

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TheNew RepublicBegins
All sections
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Chapter 9, Section 1 - Objectives

• Describe the Federal District.
• Describe how Alexander Hamilton planned to
  strengthen the nations economy.
• Explain how George Washingtons actions set an
  example (precedent) for future Presidents.

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• District of Columbia District, not a state,
  located on the Potomac River, opposite Virginia,
  and surroundedby Maryland. The home of the
  federal government of the United States.

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• Pierre-Charles L'Enfant competed with others,
  including Thomas Jefferson. LEnfants 1791 plan
  for the District of Columbia won.

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Jeffersons Plan
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LEnfants Winning Plan
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Design for the Capitol
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• Benjamin Bannaker - African American
  mathematician and astronomer who helped to survey
  the Federal District.

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Bank of the United States

• a national bank wherein the national government
  deposited the money it collected in taxes, and
  the bank, in turn, issued paper money.

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• George Washington proposed a tax on whiskey to
  help pay for the Revolutionary War.
• Rum was the drink of the Tidewater and coastal
  Americans while whiskey, since it could be made
  from corn, was the drink of frontier Americans.

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The Whiskey Rebellion

• Farmers who raised corn and sold it as whiskey
  marched and protested the federal governments
  tax on whiskey. President Washington called out
  15,000 troops to show the farmers that violence
  would not be tolerated. This was a critical
  test of the new federal government.

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• If Washington had not taken strong action to put
  down the Whiskey Rebellion, other Americans would
  defy the government.
• President Jefferson would later repeal the
  whiskey tax.

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• Since there had never been an American President,
  almost everything that Washington did was a
  precedent (for example) for future
  presidents!Some people even wanted to use the
  title, His Excellency, the President of the
  United States!

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New Yorks Federal Hall where George Washington
was inaugurated.
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His inauguration set a precedent for other
presidents to follow.
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Washington established a cabinet (group of
advisors).

• President Washington, Secretary of War Henry
  Knox, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander
  Hamilton, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson,
  and Attorney General Edmund Randolph

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Presidential Vocabulary

• inauguration ceremony at which the President
  officially takes the oath of office.
• precedent act or decision that sets an example
  for others to follow.
• Cabinet group of officials who head government
  departments and advise the President.

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TODAY
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Economic Vocabulary

• bond certificate that promises to repay money
  loaned, plus interest, on a certain
  date.Alexander Hamilton thought it was
  important to pay off government bonds because
  otherwise no one would lend the US money again.

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• national debt total sum of money a government
  owes. James Madison opposed Hamiltons
  repayment plan because it penalized southern
  states that had already paid their debts.

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Hamilton proposed the followingways to raise
money for the new government

• protective tariff tax on imported goodsto
  protect a countrys industry from foreign
  competition.
• Liquor tax

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Chapter 9, Section 2 Objectives

• Identify the policy the United States adopted
  when war broke out in Europe.
• Describe how Washingtons farewell address
  influenced American foreign policy.

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French Revolution

• (1789) French struggle for liberty and equality
  that resulted in the
  overthrow of the
  French monarchy.

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• Like our Independence day, Bastille Day is
  celebrated every July 14, the day a mob destroyed
  the Bastille prison. Many of the people
  imprisoned in the Bastille were not criminals,
  they simply opposed the King.

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• The revolution in France divided Americans
  because some Americans turned against what was
  happening in France when things became violent.
  Other Americans felt the French had the right to
  use violence to gain freedom.

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To avoid war President Washington issued the
Neutrality Proclamation and sent John Jay to
work out a treaty.

• foreign policy actions that a nation takes in
  relation to other nations.
• neutrality foreign policy of not taking sides
  in a war or disagreement.

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In his Farewell Address, Washington advised
Americans to avoid getting involved in foreign
affairs.
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Chapter 9, Section 3 Objectives

• Explain how political differences led to the rise
  of two political parties.

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Democratic Republicans political party that
supported Thomas Jefferson which in the late
1700s was shortened to Republicans. This party
later became todays Democratic Party. The
government that governs least governs best.
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Federalists political party that supported
Alexander Hamilton. They favored a strong
federal government.
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Federalists Republicans
Led by Alexander Hamilton Led by Thomas Jefferson
Wanted the well educated wealthy to lead country The people have political power
Strong FEDERAL government Strong STATE government
Manufacturing, shipping, trade Agriculture
Loose interpretation of the Constitution Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Favors the British Favors the French
Supports the national bank Opposes the national bank
Favors protective tariffs Opposes protective tariffs
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• Rival newspapers supported Federalists or
  Republicans. By mixing rumors and feelings with
  facts, newspapers influenced public opinion.

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Chapter 9, Section 4 Objectives

• Describe the XYZ Affair.
• Explain why the Alien and Sedition acts outraged
  many Americans.

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Napoleon Bonaparte an ambitious French army
officer took over France after the French
Revolution.France continues to hate Great
Britain, and Bonaparte fights to build a French
empire.
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XYZ Affair When French foreign minister Charles
Maurice de Talleyrand demanded 250,000 for
himself and a loan to France for 10 million
before he would discuss the rights of neutral
nations. (The French diplomats that he sent to
the US to request the bribe were not named but
referred to asX, Y, and Z.)
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Many Americans wanted to declare war on France
because France had seized US ships and its
officials had asked for bribes (XYZ Affair).
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• immigrant person who enters a countryin order
  to settle there.
• sedition stirring up rebellion against a
  government.

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• Alien and Sedition Acts The Alien Act allowed
  the President to expel any alien (foreigner)
  thought to be dangerous to the country.
• The Sedition Act allowed citizens to be fined or
  jailed if they criticized the government or its
  officials.

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• Federalists favored the Alien and Sedition Acts
  because the Alien Act delayed granting
  citizenship to immigrants who tended to vote
  Republican and the Sedition Act silenced
  Republicans who criticized the government.
• Republicans opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts
  because the Alien Act denied the vote to some
  supporters and the Sedition Act violated the
  freedom of speech and the press.