Settlement

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Settlement
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Site, situation and function

• Site actual land upon which the settlement is
  built, e.g. dry point, gap town
• Situation position of settlement in relation to
  the surrounding area
• Function what the settlement does.

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Long Sutton

• Services
• Housing 178
• Education primary school, c100
• Village hall
• All Saints Church
• Pub, Four Horse Shoes

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Hierarchy

• A large number at the base very few at the top

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E.G. UKUsing local settlements
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Define

• Sphere of influence
• Catchment
• Low order, convenience
• High order, comparison

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What is urbanisation?

• Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of
  people living in towns and cities.
• What causes urbanisation?
• Urbanisation occurs because people move from
  rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (towns
  and cities). This usually occurs when a country
  is still developing.

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Counter-urbanisation

• is the movement of people out of cities, to the
  surrounding areas. There are four main reasons
  for counter-urbanisation
• The increase in car ownership over the last 40
  years means people are more mobile. This has led
  to an increase in commuting. Also, the growth in
  information technology (E-mail, faxes and video
  conferencing) means more people can work from
  home.
• Urban areas are becoming increasing unpleasant
  place to live. This is the result of pollution,
  crime and traffic congestion.
• More people tend to move when they retire.
• New business parks on the edge of cities (on
  Greenfield sites) mean people no longer have to
  travel to the city centre. People now prefer to
  live on the outskirts of the city to be near
  where they work.

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Counter urbanisation

• Problems
• House prices go up
• urban sprawl
• more cars congestion
• tension between locals and new comers.

• Benefits
• More people more services
• old buildings are renovated
• more demand for local businesses
• younger people in the village

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Urban Models Burgess
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Features of each Zone

• CBD Basingstoke. Festival place
• Describe features

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Inner city

• Hulme Manchester
• Describe features

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Suburb
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Rural urban fringe OOT sc

• Elvetheam Heath
• Describe

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LEDC model
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Problems of urbanisation in MEDcs

• Urban regeneration
• Inner city issues include
• Environmental
• Social
• Economic

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• Transport Cambridge, Paris, London
• Urban sprawl, green belt, new towns, brown
  fields, Elvetham Heath
• Counter urbanisation, Pollution, Tokyo

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Problems facing CBD WHY?

• Eg Basingstoke, Festival Place solutions?
• Crime and vandalism.
• Traffic congestion.
• Growth of out-of-town shopping centres.
• Office developments on business parks in rural
  urban fringe
• High rents and rates.
• Economic recession

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Pop change in Inner city WHY

• Decline due to fall environmental, social, and
  economic conditions
• Redevelopment of inner city and CBD.
• Movement to outer suburbs.

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Improving inner cities e.g. Hulme, Manchester

• 60s terraced demolished high rise or council
  estate in suburbs
• 80s High rise in poor conditions
• 90s Recent rise gentrification and community
  redevelopment with new businesses

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Rural urban fringe urban sprawl

• Zone of mixed land use
• Issues building roads, business parks, farming.
• Fors and againsts

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Problems of urbanisation in LEDCs

• What is a Shanty towns? , e.g. Rocinha, a favela
  of Rio de Janerio, Dharavi area of Mumbai.
• Problems
• Over crowding
• Lack of services
• Disease
• Land tenure
• Lack of jobs
• Location.

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Shanty town solutions

• Build cheap housing e.g. Cairo, 10th Ramadan
• Greater Cairo Waste water project
• Metro
• Tourism Rocinha Rio de Janeiro and over view
• FAVELA-BAIRRO PROJECT, Rio de Janeiro

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