Importance of Materials Science

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Importance of Materials Science

• 12th Sept 2007
• Engr. Salma Tirmizi
• Engr. Mehwish Khan

Institution of Engineers
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Contents

• Objectives
• Materials
• What is Materials Science?
• Why Materials?
• Applications of Materials Science
• Properties of Materials
• Processing of Materials
• Sub-fields of Materials Science
• Materials Characterization

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Objectives

• Realization of the Importance of Materials
  Science in the present developing era
• To spread awareness regarding the innovations and
  contributions of Materials world in
  revolutionizing Science and Technology
• To strengthen the platform for Materials
  knowledge and research in Pakistan

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Materials

• Substances of which something is composed of
• Engineering Materials
• Materials used to produce technical products

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What is Materials Science?

• Materials Science is a scientific discipline
  which is primarily concerned with the search for
  basic knowledge about the internal structure,
  properties and processing of materials

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History of Materials Science
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Classes of Materials
Materials
Non-metals
Metals
Ceramics
Polymers
Ferrous
Non-ferrous
Cast iron
Steels
Each class has its own properties and unlimited
applications!
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Metals
Ceramics
Composite
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Applications of Materials Science

• Aerospace
• Automotive
• Electronics
• Medicine

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Applications in Aerospace Industry
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Biomaterials
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Comparison of Properties
Materials Density Strength
Polymers low high/very high
Metals high high/very high
Ceramics varies very high (in compression)
Composites moderate/ low very high in compressiontension
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Properties of Materials

• High strength
• Light weight
• Machinability
• High Hardness
• Corrosion Resistance
• Thermal resistance

Parts of a car engine
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• Possible candidate materials for Pistons are
• Aluminum
• Cast Iron
• Steels
• Aluminum and Cast Iron are preferred mainly
  because
• They are light-weight!
• They are more corrosion resistant !
• They are easily machinable!
• They are cheap!

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Processing of Materials

• Extraction
• Shaping
• Machining
• Heat Treatment
• Surface Treatment

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Sub-fields of Materials Science

• Nanotechnology
• Crystallography
• Materials Characterization
• Metallurgy
• Biomaterials
• Electronic and Magnetic Materials
• Surface Science
• Tribology
• Ceramics and Refractories

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Nanotechnology
Control of matter at the nanoscale
Nanostructures
Structures having at least one dimension between
1 and 100nm

• Interesting features of Nanotech
• Increased miniaturization with
• enhanced performance
• Enhanced Electrical and Optical properties
• Materials with greater strength

Small things make a big difference!!
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Crystallography
Atomic Structure
Crystalline
Non-crystalline
Single Crystals
Polycrystals
Grains
Grain boundaries

• Grain Size is important!
• The smaller the grain size, the stronger is the
  material!

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Ferrite Crystal Structure
Pearlite Microstructure
Austenite Crystal Structure
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Why Materials Fail?

• Process of Fracture
• Crack Initiation
• Crack Propagation
• Fracture

Brittle
Ductile
Ductile
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Materials Characterization

• Microscopy
• Tensile Tests
• Hardness Tests
• X-ray Analysis
• Non-destructive
• Testing

Grain growth pattern
Strength
Resistance to abrasion
Crystal structure
Surface and sub-surface defects
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Strength

• Tensile Test
• Metals and Alloys
• Polymers
• Composites

• Compression Test
• Ceramics
• Concrete

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Thankyou!