When you hear the term

1
Admit Slip 9/12

• When you hear the term Stone Age what do you
  think of?
• - How do you think people living during this
  time got their food?
• - Where do you think people lived during this
  time?
• - If you lived during this time period, how
  would you feed yourself and where would you
  live?

2
Paleolithic Age

• The first people lived more than two million
  years ago
• This time period was known as the Old Stone Age,
  or Paleolithic Age
• Paleolithic Age people were nomads, meaning they
  moved from place to place, hunting and gathering
  food
• They were forced to move from place to place
  because they followed traveling animal herds
• These people also made simple tools like digging
  sticks and spears for hunting

3
Paleolithic Age

• Paleolithic Age people adapted to their
  environment by using animal skins for clothing
  and fire for warmth
• People also developed primitive writing and
  language to organize hunts
• Paleolithic people developed their own religion,
  by burying their dead with care, which suggested
  they believed in an afterlife.
• The earliest people lived in East Africa, and
  migrated to every part of the world
• Migration led to cultural diffusion, or the
  exchange of ideas, customs,

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Video Clip

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vbsIvCdBS_aI

5
Admit Slip 9/15

• Review
• How did Paleolithic people acquire food from
  their natural environment?
• Where did Paleolithic people live?
• Take a Guess
• If something is considered a turning point what
  does that mean? Can you think of turning point in
  your life?

6
Turning Point- Neolithic Revolution

• Environmental changes brought about new climate
  patterns, which ended the Paleolithic Age.
• Around 10,000 B.C., people made two important
  discoveries how to grow food and how to
  domesticate animals.
• These discoveries meant that people no longer had
  to be nomads, and wander around in search of
  food.
• People could now live in permanent settlements.
• This changed sparked the beginning of what was
  know as the Neolithic Revolution, or the
  Agricultural Revolution.

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Impact of the Agriculture

• After the Neolithic Revolution, more abundant
  food helped the population increase.
• Permanent Settlements- people settled in
  villages
• New Social Classes- when resources became
• scarce, groups went to war. Some men gained
• prestige as warriors and leaders.
• New Technology- People began to develop new
• tools, such as calendars and plow. Other tools
• developed were the wheel and metal weapons.

8
Neolithic Revolution and Early River Civilizations

• Mr. Schlotterbeck

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Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic Revolution

• Paleolithic Age

• Neolithic Revolution

• Nomadic lifestyle
• Primarily hunted and gathered to obtain food
• Special tools were created in an attempt to aid
  hunting strategies
• Development of simple language

• Also known as the Agricultural Revolution
• Emphasis on food production rather than food
  gathering
• Domestication of animals
• Permanent settlements

10
Why Change?

• Not a sudden change, but gradual event
• Climate shift (longer growing seasons)
• Population boom
• Need for consistent and steady food supply
  (agriculture)
• Security

11
Admit Slip 9/11

• What is a civilization?
• What elements in a society are needed for it to
  be considered a civilization?
• Think of our society that we live in today

12
Effects of Neolithic Revolution

• Hunting and gathering were replaced by
  agriculture and domesticating animals as primary
  means to obtain food
• Established permanent settlements which resulted
  in the formation of the worlds first
  civilizations
• Characteristics of these early civilizations
  helped set the basis for subsequent civilizations
  (government, social structure, religion,
  technology)

13
The Rise of Civilization

• The first civilizations developed along river
  valleys.
• The rich, fertile soil of river valleys helped
  these civilizations thrive.
• Civilization can be defined as a community
  characterized by elements such as a system of
  writing, development of social classes, and
  cities.

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Characteristics of a Civilization

• Cities and Government
• Cities emerged as farmers cultivated along river
  valleys and created surplus of food.
• Surplus of food led to increase in population.
• More systematic leaders were needed.
• Governments developed to make sure enough food
  was produced and that the city was protected.

15
Characteristics of a Civilization

• Traditional Economy
• Based around agriculture
• Barter- trade one set of goods for another
• Organized Religion
• Ancient peoples were polytheistic, meaning they
  believed in many gods.
• Priests and worshipers tried to gain the favor of
  the gods through complex rituals.
• They hoped that the gods would ensure plentiful
  crops and protect their cities.

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Characteristics of a Civilization

• Job Specialization and Social Classes
• People began to specialize in certain jobs
• People became ranked in classes according to
  their jobs.
• Priests and nobles were usually at the top of
  these societies.
• Next, usually came warriors and merchants, with
  peasants and farmers at the bottom.

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Characteristics of a Civilization

• Art and Architecture
• Early art and architecture consisted of temples
  and palaces.
• These temples and palaces were symbols of the
  power held by the rulers.
• System of Writing
• Early writing was picture writing, or symbols
  used to represent actions.
• Writing was first developed in the religious
  temples.

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Graphic Organizer
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What are the Elements of a Civilization?

• Specialized Workers
• Complex Institutions
• Advanced Cities
• Advanced Technology
• Record Keeping

Civilization
20
Four River Valley Civilizations
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Time Periods of Ancient River Civilizations

• China, 3950-1000 B.C.
• Mesopotamia, 3500-1600 B.C.
• Ancient Egypt, 3000-2000 B.C.
• Indus River Valley, 2500-1700 B.C.
• Timeline

22
Admit Slip

• What do you think the function of this building
  was?

23
Mesopotamia

• Tigris and Euphrates River provide fertile land
  for farming (Fertile Crescent)
• The rivers flooded once a year providing
  Mesopotamians with ideal soil called silt
• Although the rivers provided fertile soil, the
  flooding was unpredictable and caused much
  destruction to both crops and villages

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Mesopotamian Society

• Creation of city-states
  Lesson
• Polytheistic (sacrifice to placate gods)
  
• Priests and rulers share control
• Cultural diffusion between city-states
• Ziggurat ( city hall and place of worship)

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Cuneiform
26
Indus River Valley

• Framed by the Indus and Ganges Rivers
• Worlds tallest mountains to north (Himalayas) and
  large desert to east (Thar) helped protect this
  civilization
• Monsoons, however would bring cycles of extremely
  wet or dry weather making agriculture a
  daunting task

27
Admit Slip
What do you notice about the layout of this
particular civilization?
What does this tell you about this particular
civilization?
28
Indus River Valley Bath
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Indus Society

• Sophisticated city planning (grid)
• Cities built on platforms to combat monsoons
• Civilization was based on a theocracy
• Religion was closely tied to animals and modern
  Hindu culture
• Individuals often prayed for good harvests, and
  moderate monsoons
• Trade between Afghanistan and Persia

30
China

• Yellow River and Yangtze River framed the early
  civilizations of China
• The Yellow River would overflow, and create
  yellow silt along its banks (loess) ideal for
  farming
• The flooding of the Yellow River was also
  unpredictable, causing it to be called Chinas
  sorrow

31
Ancient China Society

• First Dynasties emerge (Xia and Shang Dynasty)
• Early cities form (Anyang)
• Family being central to Chinese society
• Sharp divisions between social class
• Feudalism, Mandate of Heaven, Dynastic Cycle
• Religion tied to family- Oracle Bones
• Development of writing

32
Egypt Map

• The Nile stretches over 4,100 miles, making it
  the worlds longest river
• Every year in July, rains and melting snow from
  the mountains of east Africa caused the Nile to
  rise over its banks
• When the river receded, it left behind a rich
  deposit of fertile black mud (silt)

33
Egyptian Society

• Different from Mesopotamia and Indus River
  Valley, Egyptian kings were considered Gods
  themselves
• Pharaohs as they were called, were thought to be
  as splendid and powerful as the gods of the
  heavens
• The type of government which rule is based on
  religious authority is known as a theocracy
• The pharaoh stood at the center of Egyptian
  religion, government, and army
• Close Exercise

34
Egyptian Pyramids

• For the kings of the Old Kingdom, the resting
  place after death was an immense structure called
  a pyramid
• Since kings expected to reign forever, their
  tombs were more important than their palaces
• Egyptians had a large supply of both granite and
  limestone to build these pyramids
• Each stone in the Great Pyramid of Giza weighed 2
  ½ tons, and there were a total of 2 million
  stones used in the construction which were
  stacked with precision to a height of 481 feet!

35
Egyptian Religion

• The Egyptians were polytheistic, among the most
  important gods were Re (sun god) Osiris (god of
  the dead) and Isis (goddesses of motherhood)
• Different from previous civilizations, Egyptians
  believed in an afterlife, or life after death
• Egyptians believed they would be judged for
  entrance into the afterlife by the god Annubis
• Annubis would weigh the heart of an individual,
  and if the heart weighed less than a feather,
  that person would win eternal life

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Mummification
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Making Connections

• Prior to 10,000 B.C. (Paleolithic Age) nomads
  relied heavily on hunting and gathering
  techniques in order to survive. A remarkable and
  important turning point transpired that changed
  the traditional way of life, which consisted of
  hunting, gathering, and nomadic lifestyle, into a
  more permanent settlement lifestyle. This period
  was known as the Neolithic Revolution, where
  agriculture and the domestication of animals came
  to the forefront of new civilizations. This
  turning point would forever change history and
  would help set the foundation for subsequent
  civilizations. The river civilizations that
  followed were unique, and each provided
  contributions that are still utilized in todays
  society.
• Summary
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vhKCKgHVf1jI