Title: When you hear the term
1Admit Slip 9/12
- When you hear the term Stone Age what do you
think of? - - How do you think people living during this
time got their food? - - Where do you think people lived during this
time? - - If you lived during this time period, how
would you feed yourself and where would you
live?
2Paleolithic Age
- The first people lived more than two million
years ago - This time period was known as the Old Stone Age,
or Paleolithic Age - Paleolithic Age people were nomads, meaning they
moved from place to place, hunting and gathering
food - They were forced to move from place to place
because they followed traveling animal herds - These people also made simple tools like digging
sticks and spears for hunting
3Paleolithic Age
- Paleolithic Age people adapted to their
environment by using animal skins for clothing
and fire for warmth - People also developed primitive writing and
language to organize hunts - Paleolithic people developed their own religion,
by burying their dead with care, which suggested
they believed in an afterlife. - The earliest people lived in East Africa, and
migrated to every part of the world - Migration led to cultural diffusion, or the
exchange of ideas, customs,
4Video Clip
- https//www.youtube.com/watch?vbsIvCdBS_aI
5Admit Slip 9/15
- Review
- How did Paleolithic people acquire food from
their natural environment? - Where did Paleolithic people live?
- Take a Guess
- If something is considered a turning point what
does that mean? Can you think of turning point in
your life?
6Turning Point- Neolithic Revolution
- Environmental changes brought about new climate
patterns, which ended the Paleolithic Age. - Around 10,000 B.C., people made two important
discoveries how to grow food and how to
domesticate animals. - These discoveries meant that people no longer had
to be nomads, and wander around in search of
food. - People could now live in permanent settlements.
- This changed sparked the beginning of what was
know as the Neolithic Revolution, or the
Agricultural Revolution.
7Impact of the Agriculture
- After the Neolithic Revolution, more abundant
food helped the population increase. - Permanent Settlements- people settled in
villages - New Social Classes- when resources became
- scarce, groups went to war. Some men gained
- prestige as warriors and leaders.
- New Technology- People began to develop new
- tools, such as calendars and plow. Other tools
- developed were the wheel and metal weapons.
8Neolithic Revolution and Early River Civilizations
9Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic Revolution
- Nomadic lifestyle
- Primarily hunted and gathered to obtain food
- Special tools were created in an attempt to aid
hunting strategies - Development of simple language
- Also known as the Agricultural Revolution
- Emphasis on food production rather than food
gathering - Domestication of animals
- Permanent settlements
10Why Change?
- Not a sudden change, but gradual event
- Climate shift (longer growing seasons)
- Population boom
- Need for consistent and steady food supply
(agriculture) - Security
11Admit Slip 9/11
- What is a civilization?
- What elements in a society are needed for it to
be considered a civilization? - Think of our society that we live in today
12Effects of Neolithic Revolution
- Hunting and gathering were replaced by
agriculture and domesticating animals as primary
means to obtain food - Established permanent settlements which resulted
in the formation of the worlds first
civilizations - Characteristics of these early civilizations
helped set the basis for subsequent civilizations
(government, social structure, religion,
technology)
13The Rise of Civilization
- The first civilizations developed along river
valleys. - The rich, fertile soil of river valleys helped
these civilizations thrive. - Civilization can be defined as a community
characterized by elements such as a system of
writing, development of social classes, and
cities.
14Characteristics of a Civilization
- Cities and Government
- Cities emerged as farmers cultivated along river
valleys and created surplus of food. - Surplus of food led to increase in population.
- More systematic leaders were needed.
- Governments developed to make sure enough food
was produced and that the city was protected.
15Characteristics of a Civilization
- Traditional Economy
- Based around agriculture
- Barter- trade one set of goods for another
- Organized Religion
- Ancient peoples were polytheistic, meaning they
believed in many gods. - Priests and worshipers tried to gain the favor of
the gods through complex rituals. - They hoped that the gods would ensure plentiful
crops and protect their cities.
16Characteristics of a Civilization
- Job Specialization and Social Classes
- People began to specialize in certain jobs
- People became ranked in classes according to
their jobs. - Priests and nobles were usually at the top of
these societies. - Next, usually came warriors and merchants, with
peasants and farmers at the bottom.
17Characteristics of a Civilization
- Art and Architecture
- Early art and architecture consisted of temples
and palaces. - These temples and palaces were symbols of the
power held by the rulers. - System of Writing
- Early writing was picture writing, or symbols
used to represent actions. - Writing was first developed in the religious
temples.
18Graphic Organizer
19What are the Elements of a Civilization?
- Specialized Workers
- Complex Institutions
- Advanced Cities
- Advanced Technology
- Record Keeping
Civilization
20Four River Valley Civilizations
21Time Periods of Ancient River Civilizations
- China, 3950-1000 B.C.
- Mesopotamia, 3500-1600 B.C.
- Ancient Egypt, 3000-2000 B.C.
- Indus River Valley, 2500-1700 B.C.
- Timeline
22Admit Slip
- What do you think the function of this building
was?
23Mesopotamia
- Tigris and Euphrates River provide fertile land
for farming (Fertile Crescent) - The rivers flooded once a year providing
Mesopotamians with ideal soil called silt - Although the rivers provided fertile soil, the
flooding was unpredictable and caused much
destruction to both crops and villages
24Mesopotamian Society
- Creation of city-states
Lesson - Polytheistic (sacrifice to placate gods)
- Priests and rulers share control
- Cultural diffusion between city-states
- Ziggurat ( city hall and place of worship)
-
25Cuneiform
26Indus River Valley
- Framed by the Indus and Ganges Rivers
- Worlds tallest mountains to north (Himalayas) and
large desert to east (Thar) helped protect this
civilization - Monsoons, however would bring cycles of extremely
wet or dry weather making agriculture a
daunting task
27Admit Slip
What do you notice about the layout of this
particular civilization?
What does this tell you about this particular
civilization?
28Indus River Valley Bath
29Indus Society
- Sophisticated city planning (grid)
- Cities built on platforms to combat monsoons
- Civilization was based on a theocracy
- Religion was closely tied to animals and modern
Hindu culture - Individuals often prayed for good harvests, and
moderate monsoons - Trade between Afghanistan and Persia
30China
- Yellow River and Yangtze River framed the early
civilizations of China - The Yellow River would overflow, and create
yellow silt along its banks (loess) ideal for
farming - The flooding of the Yellow River was also
unpredictable, causing it to be called Chinas
sorrow
31Ancient China Society
- First Dynasties emerge (Xia and Shang Dynasty)
- Early cities form (Anyang)
- Family being central to Chinese society
- Sharp divisions between social class
- Feudalism, Mandate of Heaven, Dynastic Cycle
- Religion tied to family- Oracle Bones
- Development of writing
-
32Egypt Map
- The Nile stretches over 4,100 miles, making it
the worlds longest river - Every year in July, rains and melting snow from
the mountains of east Africa caused the Nile to
rise over its banks - When the river receded, it left behind a rich
deposit of fertile black mud (silt)
33Egyptian Society
- Different from Mesopotamia and Indus River
Valley, Egyptian kings were considered Gods
themselves - Pharaohs as they were called, were thought to be
as splendid and powerful as the gods of the
heavens - The type of government which rule is based on
religious authority is known as a theocracy - The pharaoh stood at the center of Egyptian
religion, government, and army - Close Exercise
34Egyptian Pyramids
- For the kings of the Old Kingdom, the resting
place after death was an immense structure called
a pyramid - Since kings expected to reign forever, their
tombs were more important than their palaces - Egyptians had a large supply of both granite and
limestone to build these pyramids - Each stone in the Great Pyramid of Giza weighed 2
½ tons, and there were a total of 2 million
stones used in the construction which were
stacked with precision to a height of 481 feet!
35Egyptian Religion
- The Egyptians were polytheistic, among the most
important gods were Re (sun god) Osiris (god of
the dead) and Isis (goddesses of motherhood) - Different from previous civilizations, Egyptians
believed in an afterlife, or life after death - Egyptians believed they would be judged for
entrance into the afterlife by the god Annubis - Annubis would weigh the heart of an individual,
and if the heart weighed less than a feather,
that person would win eternal life
36Mummification
37Making Connections
- Prior to 10,000 B.C. (Paleolithic Age) nomads
relied heavily on hunting and gathering
techniques in order to survive. A remarkable and
important turning point transpired that changed
the traditional way of life, which consisted of
hunting, gathering, and nomadic lifestyle, into a
more permanent settlement lifestyle. This period
was known as the Neolithic Revolution, where
agriculture and the domestication of animals came
to the forefront of new civilizations. This
turning point would forever change history and
would help set the foundation for subsequent
civilizations. The river civilizations that
followed were unique, and each provided
contributions that are still utilized in todays
society. - Summary
- http//www.youtube.com/watch?vhKCKgHVf1jI