Civil War

1
Civil War

• Chapter 11

2
Union Advantages

• Numerical Superiority
• Better Transportation System
• Established and proven Government
• Military Superiority
• More Workers

3
Union Disadvantages

• Lack of adequate military leaders
• Had to fight offensive war

4
Confederate Advantages

• Psychology
• Superior military leaders
• Men used to outdoor life
• Men used to riding horses
• Leaders accustomed to giving orders
• Accustomed to using firearms

5
Confederate Disadvantages

• Smaller numbers
• Transportation System
• No established government
• No established military
• No wealth

6
Strategy of the North

• Restore the Union
• Invade, Conquer, and Occupy the South
• Anaconda Plan
• Winfield Scott

7
3 Parts of the Anaconda Plan

• 1. Blockade of southern ports by the Union navy
• Control the Mississippi River
• Divide the Confederacy and isolate one part from
  the other

8
Strategy of the South

• Defend the South until the North wears down

9
Names of Battles

• South geographic locations
• North bodies of water

10
Order of Events

• 4-12-1861 Fort Sumter
• 4-15-1861 Lincoln calls for troops 75,000
  volunteers
• 4-19-1861 Lincoln calls for blockade of South
• 5-21-1861 South moves capital to Richmond, Va

11
Fort Sumter

• South Carolina
• Major Anderson commander
• Confederacy demanded surrender
• Fort supplies would only last 6 weeks
• Lincolns dilemma
• First Shots April 12, 1861, 430 a.m.
• Daviss dilemma

12
April 15, 1861

• Lincoln calls for troops
• 75,000 Volunteers

13
April 17, 1861

• Virginia secedes
• Most populated southern state
• Most industrialized southern state
• In May Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina
  secede

14
West Virginia

• Counties of WV were anti-slave
• Remained in the Union

15
Winston County, Alabama

• Remained neutral in the War

16
Slave States in the Union

• Maryland
• Delaware
• Kentucky
• Missouri
• Many citizens in these states fought for the
  Confederacy

17
1st BATTLE OF BULL RUN

• JULY 21, 1861
• VIRGINIA (town of Manassas)
• NORTH- MC DOWELL
• SOUTH- P.G.T. BEAUREGARD
• STONEWALL JACKSON
• HUMILIATING DEFEAT FOR NORTH
• ALMOST LED TO A CONFEDERATE INVASION OF D.C.

18
BULL RUN PHOTO
19
July 27,1861

• Lincoln replaces McDowell with George McClellan
  as Commander of the Department of the Potomac

20
November 1, 1861

• Winfield Scott resigns
• Lincoln appoints McClellan as general-in-chief of
  all Union forces

21
New Weapons in Civil War

• Ironclads
• Rifle
• Minie ball

22
SHILOH

• APRIL 6-7, 1862
• TENNESSEE
• GRANT- NORTH
• BEAUREGARD- SOUTH
• BLOODIEST OF THE CIVIL WAR
• OVER 24,000 CASUALITIES
• 13,000-U.S 10,700-CSA
• More than in all previous American wars combined
• NO CLEAR WINNER IN THE WEST

23
March1862

• Battle of ironclads
• Confederate Merrimack renamed Virginia
• Union Monitor
• Union Admiral David Farragut ordered to seize New
  Orleans
• Merrimack sinks two wooden Union ships
• No clear winner for ironclads

24
Battle of Second Bull Run

• Aug. 29-30, 1862
• Stonewall Jackson with 55,000 troops defeats
  Union General Pope with 75,000

25
ANTIETAM

• SEPTEMBER 17, 1862
• MARYLAND NEAR ANTIETAM CREEK
• BLOODIEST ONE DAY BATTLE IN THE HISTORY OF U.S.
  (26,000 casualties)
• UNION VICTORY
• EMANICIPATION PROCLAMATION (1863)

26
ANTIETAM PHOTO
27
ANTIETAM LINCOLN JACKSON
28
Nov. 7, 1862

• Lincoln replaces McClellan with Ambrose Burnside
  as the new Commander of the Army of the Potomac
• Grant is placed in command of the Army of the West

29
Battle of Fredericksburg

• Dec. 13, 1862
• Burnside defeated (12,653)
• Confederates 5,309

30
Battle of Chancellorsville

• May 1-4, 1863
• Lee defeats Hooker
• Union 17,000 casualties
• Confederate 13,000
• Stonewall killed

31
June 28, 1863

• Lincoln replaces Hooker with George Meade as
  commander of the Army of the Potomac
• 5th man to command the Army in less than a year

32
GETTYSBURG

• July 1-3, 1863
• PENNSYLANIA
• LINCOLN GAVE THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
• TURNING POINT B/C CSA NO LONGER HAD THE ABILITY
  TO LAUNCH AN OFFENSIVE IN UNION TERRITORY

33
VICKSBURG

• JULY 4, 1863
• MISSISSIPPI
• UNION GAINED CONTROL OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER
• SPLIT SOUTH IN TWO PARTS
• GRANT- NORTH GENERAL
• PEMBERTON- SOUTH GEN.

34
Gettysburg Address

• Nov. 1863
• Little more than 2 minutes
• Explained the meaning of the war
• Before war people said United States are
• After speech people said United States is

35
July 18, 1863

• Confederates attack Fort Wagner, South Carolina
• 54th Regiment all black regiment
• Col. Shaw and half of 600 men are killed

36
March 9, 1864

• Lincoln appoints Grant as commander of all Union
  armies
• William T. Sherman succeeds Grant as commander of
  the West

37
MOBILE BAY

• AUG. 5, 1864
• UNION OCCUPATION CLOSED IMPORTANT SUPPLY PORT OF
  THE CONFEDERACY
• Admiral David Farragut Union commander

38
ATLANTA is Captured

• SEPT 2, 1864
• SHERMAN BURNED ATLANTA, DESTROYING THE SOUTHS
  ABILITY TO GET SUPPLIES

39
Election of 1864

• Republicans Lincoln and Andrew Johnson
  (Tennessee and pro Union Southerner)
• Democrats General McClellan (fired by Lincoln
  twice) promised negotiation
• Lincoln won (212/233) electoral votes
• Ballots cast by Union soldiers

40
SHERMANS MARCH Dec. 1864

• HAND-PICKED 60,000 SOLDIERS
• DESTROYED EVERYTHING IN A 60 MILE-WIDE PATH
• FROM CHATTANOOGA-ATLANTA-SAVANNAH
• BROKE THE SPIRIT OF THE CSA CREATING TENSION B/T
  THE N. S. EVEN TODAY

41
Jan. 31, 1865

• Congress approves 13th Amendment
• Submitted to states for ratification

42
March 4, 1865

• President Lincoln Inaugurated
• Freedmens Bureau established to provide
  assistance to emancipated slaves

43
APPOMATTOX

• APRIL 9, 1865
• LEE SURRENDERS TO GRANT IN VA
• CIVIL WAR ENDED

44
April 18, 1865

• Confederate Joseph Johnston surrenders to Union
  Gen. Sherman in North Carolina

45
Lincolns Assassination

• April 14, 1865
• Shot by John Wilkes Booth
• Fords Theater (Washington D.C.)
• Dies the next morning at 722
• Andrew Johnson became president
• Only Southern Senator to remain in Congress after
  secession

46
April 26, 1865

• John Wilkes Booth shot and killed in tobacco barn
  in Virginia

47
May 4, 1865

• Lincoln buried in Oak Ridge Cemetary
• Outside of hometown Springfield, Illinios

48
May, 1865

• Remaining Confederate forces surrender
• Nation reunited
• 620,000 dead
• Disease killed twice as many as those lost in
  battle
• 50,000 survivors had amputations

49
Dec. 6, 1865

• 13th Amendment ratified
• Slavery abolished