Early Life

1
Early Life College Studies

• 1893-1918
• Born into peasantry, rebellious son, studied
  Chinese classics Confucianism
• Soldier in Republican Army (overthrew Qing)
• College MARXISM!!
• ? Favored peasant/worker class (personal thru
  Marxist teachings) deals with army/military
  later as well

2
Party Affiliation

• 1920-1927
• Failed at democratic organization
• Founded CCP branch in Hunan (communist)
• Joined KMT to help against invaders
• Organized peasant unions, got leadership roles
  published power of peasants
• ? Marxist ideas isolated him

3
Autumn Harvest Uprising Red Army Formation

• 1925-1929
• KMT Chiang Kai-shek battled communists Mao led
  peasant armies he was defeated left for rural
  area
• ? Developed land reform ideas, recruited troops
• Troops became known as Red Army (contd into his
  rule) Improved on guerilla warfare
• ? KMT troops destroyed and Mao gained prestige

4
Long March

• 1934
• Chiang tried to eliminate
• communists again, Mao
• escaped began march to
• protected base (6000 miles)
• ? Zunyi Conference held along way where Mao
  gained power (more leadership)

5
Japanese Invasion

• 1931-1937
• Imperial Japan moved further into China KMT
  CCP temporarily united
• Troops made mainly of peasant (Red Army)
• ? Success of peasant army solidified Maos
  efforts, he moved up in rankbegan pushing out
  his critics in CCP

6
Civil War

• 1945-1949
• Japan lost WWII KMT vs. CCP for control of China
• CCP had large, trained army and won in Oct.
  1949declared Peoples Republic of China
• ?China was in despair, Mao in power, modeled
  reconstruction after USSR (socialist ideals)

7
Korean War Hundred Flowers Movement

• 1950-1953, 1957
• Mao relied on USSR aid, allied with N. Korea,
  millions of Chinese died
• ? Became enemies with US
• Mao wanted PRC to be united as oneled campaigns
  to weed out traitors
• HFM- encouraged criticism, but it was more than
  expected, and attacked rightists
• ? See evidence of fear in intellectuals later

8
Great Leap Forward

• (In 1949, land taken from landowners given to
  peasants who worked it ?)
• 1958-1960
• land taken from peasants turned into communes
  owned by state ?
• 20-40 families _at_ first ? county size (1,000s)
• Build backyard furnaces instead of factories to
  make iron tools
• Melt down scrap metalbut then ran out and
  started melting already usable objects! (had to
  meet quota)
• Couldnt use what they melted (too brittle)
• These workers also were NOT making food

9
"Everybody is fully occupied in production, the
trade sector is also fully occupied for
everybody."
10
Great Leap Forward

• Commune leaders forced to meet quota of food
  production
• Couldnt meet it? lied about amount produced
• Govnt took based on that lie? peasants starved
• Some food taken by govnt rotted in warehouses
  before being distributed, some sent to USSR for
  loan payment
• Told to do close planting to use land efficiently
• Plants use each others nutrients and they all
  die!
• (All critics were purged from office, many stayed
  quiet b/c of HFM)

11
Great Leap Forward

• ? Over 20 million people died
• Not realized until outsiders came in, studied
  demographics
• People eventually turned to cannibalism
• 1961 Mao realized it didnt work? gave 3 men,
  including Deng Xiaoping, 5 years for economic
  recovery
• 1966Mao didnt like they had control ? leads to
  Cultural Revolution

12
Cultural Revolution

• 1966-1976
• Maos economic recovery task force had always
  been loyal, but no longer agreed with his
  ideologies
• Mao saw same ?s in USSR ?? got grp. of radicals
  together to purge them
• Created Red Guard (students)
• Closed school to allow them to join
• ? Mass propaganda of devotion to Mao (more so
  than Stalin), Little Red Book

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14
Cultural Revolution

• Beat, tortured, and imprisoned leaders who
  opposed him
• Suppressed all disorder/opposition with violence
• Lin Biao designated as Maos successor
• Pushed Maos Little Red Book
• Instituted martial law
• ? Mao eventually disposed of him for having too
  much power (fled to USSR)

15
Death Succession

• 1976
• 1972 Mao and his new successor both have health
  problems? brings back Deng Xiaoping
• Radicals continue to purge opposition
• 1974 Mao favors Deng b/c economy is so bad
• 1976 Mao dies
• His helpers (Gang of Four) are arrested
• Deng emerges as leader in 1977

16
One-Child Policy

• 1979
• Mao had encouraged large families (labor for
  communes, soldiers)exponential population growth
• Deng needed to cut growth dramatically
• Very severe punishments at first, less strict now
• ? Unbalanced gender ratio, death/ abandonment of
  girls, controlled adoption policies, smaller
  population growth

17
Tiananmen Square Massacre

• 1989 (June 4)
• In Peking (Beijing), civilian/ student protest
  for democratic reform
• Army came in shooting, with tankshundreds
  (thousands?) killed
• Happening simultaneously with protest in USSR
• ? Global condemnation

18
Timeline Questions

• Whos social and philosophical thought did Mao
  begin following while in college?
• What viewpoint of Maos led to him being rejected
  by both the CCP KMT?
• What was the positive turnout for Mao from the
  Autumn Harvest Uprising?
• Why did the U.S. become Maos enemy?
• What was the Hundred Flowers movement?
• What are some reasons the Great Leap Forward
  failed?