Biodiversity In Minnesota

1
Biodiversity In Minnesota
2
Trumpeter Swancygnus buccinator

• Both Sexes
• Length
• 54.362.2 in138158 cm
• Wingspan
• 79.9 in203 cm
• Weight
• 271.6448 oz 770012700 g

3
Habitat and food

• Trumpeter swans prefer large marshes and lakes
  ranging in size from 40 to 150 acres shallow
  wetlands one to three feet deep with a diverse
  mix of plenty of emergent and submergent
  vegetation and open water. The bulk of their diet
  consists of arrowhead, sage pondweed, wild celery
  tubers, and the stems and leaves of waterweed,
  pondweeds, water milfoil, white water buttercup,
  muskgrass, burreed, and duckreed. They feed
  occasionally on freshwater invertebrates, snails,
  worms, seeds, and grain.
• .

4
Fun Facts

• Trumpeter Swans form pair bonds when they are
  three or four years old. The pair stays together
  throughout the year, moving together in migratory
  populations. Trumpeters are assumed to mate for
  life, but some individuals do switch mates over
  their lifetimes. Some males that lost their mates
  did not mate again.
• Swans have been known to live as long as 24 plus
  years
• There fethers were know for having the best
  quality quill in 1600 -1800s

5
(No Transcript)
6
Predators and diseases

• Loss of knowledge of traditional migration routes
  to more southerly wintering areas.
• New diseases, such as avian influenza, with
  potentially devastating consequences.
• Loss of wetlands and diminished quality.
• Loss of farm lands where crop residues have been
  providing important winter food resources.
• Fatal lead shot poisoning when swans swallow
  pellets found in soil where shooting activities
  have occurred
• Illegal shooting
• Climate change that is reducing breeding habitat
  quality in the relatively arid western US
• Powerline collisions that injure or kill swans.
• Human disturbance that disrupts nesting attempts
  or flushes wintering swans and makes them burn up
  needed energy reserves.
• Lack of funding to provide long-term habitat
  protection

7
Reproductin

• They build a nest on top of muskrat lodges or in
  stands of emergent vegetation, such as bulrushes,
  cattails or sedges where the water is one to
  three feet deep. They frequently use the same
  nest structure from year to year. Cygnets remain
  with their parents through the summer and migrate
  with them to wintering grounds in October or
  November. They migrate with their parents back to
  summer grounds in the spring, but are then chased
  away by the adults. They remain in sibling groups
  until they are about two years old and then they
  begin to seek their own mates.

8
Hunting

• One swan per swan hunt permit, Maximum two swan
  hunt permits per seasonOne swan per day
• ½ hour before sunrise to sunset

9
Striped skunkMephitis mephitis

• The striped skunk is easily identified by the
  white stripe that runs from its head to its tail
• Each striped skunk has a unique stripe pattern.
• The striped skunk is about the same size as a
  house cat.

10
Habitat

• The striped skunk tends to live in open areas
  with a mix of habitats like woods and grasslands
  or meadows. It is usually never further than two
  miles from water.
• The striped skunk is only found in North America.
  Its range runs from central Canada to northern
  Mexico.

11
Reproduction

• Striped skunks mate from mid-February to
  mid-March. The babies are born about two months
  later. An average skunk litter has five to six
  babies. Skunk babies are blind and deaf when they
  are born. They will nurse in the den for about a
  month and a half. After they leave the den they
  may stay with their mother for up to a year.

12
Food

• The striped skunk is omnivores it eats both meat
  and plants. Its diet includes insects, small
  mammals, fish, crustaceans, fruits, nuts, leaves,
  grasses and carrion dead animals. What a skunk
  eats often depends on what it can find and the
  time of year.

13
Fun facts

• Skunks can accurately direct the spray of their
  musk up to 10 feet away with some of the spray
  reaching almost 20 feet.
• Skunks warn that they are about to spray by
  stamping their front feet and raising their tail
  with the fur fully extended.

14
Predators and hunting

• Skunks have few predators. Most animals learn to
  recognize the skunk's warning stripes and avoid
  its stinky spray. Some skunks are killed by owls
  and other birds of prey, which have a poor sense
  of smell
• Nov. 14 - Feb. 15 No limit.

15
Diseases

• Rabies
• Leptospirosis.

16
Large mouth bass Micropterus salmoides

• The largemouth bass is a heavy-bodied fish with
  56 to 70 lateral line scales and a large mouth,
  with the upper jaw usually extending past the
  rear margin of the eye. The area between the
  spiny and soft dorsal fin is deeply notched the
  anterior part contains nine to 11 spines

17
habitat

• Largemouth Bass live in lakes, ponds, reservoirs
  , large rivers, and slow-moving streams. They
  like a lot of vegetation, both in the water and
  along its edges. Largemouth's will often school
  and can be found in groups around underwater
  structures, such as trees, stumps, large rocks,
  drop offs, and dock pilings.

18
Reproduction

• The male will prepare the nest, usually in one to
  four feet of water. He will use his fins to
  expose gravel, shells, or plant roots on the
  bottom, making a circle two to three feet wide.
• Once the nest is built, the female will arrive
  and lay between 2,000 and 40,000 eggs, depending
  on her size.

19
Predators

• Great Blue Heron
• Yellow Perch
• Common Snapping Turtle
• Black Crappie
• Bald Eagle
• Double-crested Cormorant

20
Food

• crayfish
• aphids
• shad minnows
• Bluegills

21
Diseases

• red soar disease
• Largemouth bass virus

22
Season to catch

• May 12 febuarary 24 or the next year
• May 26 febuary 24 or next year
• The date varies on your location

23
Fun facts

• A freshwater bass can sense 1-200th of a drop of
  a substance in about 100 gallons of water.
• They were originally found only East of the
  Mississippi River and South of the Great Lakes in
  the  continental United States. But as their
  popularity grew, so did stocking programs in many
  states.  Largemouth bass are now caught in waters
  throughout the continental United States and
  Hawaii, in addition to southern Canada and most
  of Mexico

24
Prairie cone flower Ratibida columnifera

• Plant height 30-120 cm tall.
• Growth habit perennial with a taproot and short,
  persistent stem base.
• Stems usually several, branching from the base,
  with flat, stiff, short hairs.

25
More description

• Leaves alternate, lance-shaped, deeply pinnately
  cut into 5-9 segments, the segments linear or
  lance-shaped, toothless or nearly so, with flat,
  short, stiff hairs.

26
When it flowers

• Flowerheads yellow with 3-7 rays, which are
  15-45 mm long, relatively very broad, spreading
  or bent down, around a dark, column-shaped disk,
  mostly 15-40 mm long and about 1/4-1/2 as wide.
  Heads several on long stalks. Style appendages
  short and blunt.Flowering time June-August.

27
Uses or the flower

• The Dakota and Oglala Indians used leaves and
  cylindrical heads from coneflower to make a
  well-tasting tea like beverage
• The plant has medicinal properties that are
  pain-relieving and fever-reducing. The leaves and
  stems especially are pain-relieving. A tea has
  been used to relieve the pain of headaches and to
  treat stomach aches and fevers. The Cheyenne made
  a tea from boiling plant parts as a wash to
  relieve pain and to treat poison ivy rash, and
  also as a wash to draw the poison out of
  rattlesnakes bites. The Sicangu people in South
  Dakota used a tea of plant tops for headaches and
  stomachaches. The Acoma and Laguna Indians used
  crushed leaves rubbed on mothers' breast to wean
  a child.

28
Facts

• These species are at risk from people digging
  them up for their roots, which are used in herbal
  medicines. 

29
White ash

• White ash is a large tree that reaches 70' to 80'
  in height. This tree has been known to reach 125'
  in rare instances. When grown in the open, white
  ash has round crowns.\
• The deciduous leaves are compound and oppositely
  arranged. These leaves are 8" to 13" in length
  with 7 to 12 leaflets per leaf. Leaflets measure
  2" to 4" long and are usually oval shaped. The
  tops of the leaves are dark green and shiny where
  the bottoms of the leaves are pale green with
  tiny hairs.

30
Fruit and bark

• The fruit is a light-brown samara, about 1" long,
  and often produced in clumps of 10 to 100
  samaras.
• This light gray-brown bark is characterized by
  having deep, narrow ridges that form a diamond
  shaped pattern.

31
Fun fact

• This tree is most famous for being the best wood
  for baseball bats and other sports equipment such
  as tennis racquets, hockey sticks, polo mallets,
  and playground structures

32
American toad

• 2 - 3 1/2 inches (5.1-9 cm)
• Skin coloration is typically brown or reddish.
  One or two warts are present in each of the large
  dark blotches on their back. The white chest
  usually has dark speckles. The parotoid gland is
  typically separated from the cranial ridge.

33
Repodution

• Females lay up to 20,000 eggs which normally
  hatch within one week. Large schools of tiny,
  black tadpoles feed together along the edge of
  shallow wetlands, emerging as a mass of tiny
  toads within approximately six weeks. Maturity
  occurs in two to three years.

34
Food and preditors

• American toads eat insects, worms and snails
• Few animals eat toads because of their skin
  tastes bitter. However, hognose snakes eat
  American toads and raccoons eat the undersides of
  toads, avoiding the distasteful skin on the
  toad's head and back.

35
Habitats

• Breeding habitat Temporary wetlands, swamps,
  shallow bays of lakes, and backwaters of rivers,
  streams and ditches.
• Summer habitat While this species is most often
  associated with forest and woodland habitat, it
  also occupies grasslands, residential yards, and
  gardens.
• Winter habitat Subterranean, burrows below frost
  line.