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The landscapes we create tell us who we are

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Title: The landscapes we create tell us who we are


1
The landscapes we create tell us who we are
  • Martha B. Sharma
  • APHG Workshop
  • NCGE Lake Tahoe, NV
  • October 6-7, 2006

Gettysburg
NY Times
2
III. Cultural Patterns and Processes
  • Concepts of culture
  • Cultural differences
  • Environmental impacts of cultural attitudes and
    practices
  • Cultural landscapes and cultural identities

3
Cultural Landscapes
  • A cultural landscape is fashioned from a
    natural landscape by a culture group. Culture is
    the agent, the natural area is the medium. The
    cultural landscape the result.
  • Carl O. Sauer in The Morphology of
    Landscape (1925)

4
Cultural Landscapes
  • all human landscape has cultural meaning, no
    matter how ordinary it may be. ... Our human
    landscape is our unwitting autobiography,
    reflecting our tastes, our values, and even our
    fears, in tangible, visible form.
  • The man-made landscape provides strong
    evidence of the kind of people we are, were, and
    will be.
  • Peirce Lewis in Axioms for Reading the
    Landscape (1979)

5
Cultural Landscapes
  • Most objects in the landscape although they
    convey all kinds of messages do not convey
    those message in any obvious way. The landscape
    does not speak to us very clearly. one must
    know what kinds of questions to ask.
  • Peirce Lewis in Axioms for
    Reading the Landscape (1979)

6
Analytical Goals of Human Geography
  • Use and think about maps and spatial data.
  • Understand and interpret the implications of
    associations among phenomena in places.
  • Recognize and interpret at different scales
    relationships among patterns and processes.
  • Define regions and evaluate the regionalization
    process.
  • Characterize and analyze changing
    interconnections among places.

7
Religious Landscapes
  • Global patterns
  • Places of worship
  • Places of Remembrance

8
Cemeteries are a very visible part of the
religious landscape
9
Grave markers provide cultural insights into
people and places.
10
Taj Mahal Agra, India
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12
An AP Human Geography course should encourage
field observation
  • Although organized field trips are not necessary
    for the course, some combination of exercises,
    visual aids, and field work should be pursued to
    provide students with a sense of how the material
    world embodies information and ideas about
    culture, society, and human-environment relations.

13
Axioms for Reading the Landscape
  • The man-made landscape the ordinary
    run-of-the-mill things that humans have created
    and put upon the earth provides strong evidence
    of the kind of people we are, and were, and are
    in the process of becoming.
  • In trying to unravel the meaning of contemporary
    landscapes and what they have to say about us
    as Americans, history matters.
  • Elements of a cultural landscape make little
    cultural sense if they are studied outside their
    geographic (i.e., locational) context.

Peirce Lewis in Axioms for Reading the Landscape
(1979)
14
Activity One
  • A Cultural Study of
  • Crown Hill Cemetery

From http//www.iupui.edu/anthpm/seriate.html
15
Grave Markers as Cultural Artifacts
  • Styles of gravestones change over time
  • Relative chronology can be determined based on
    change or continuity in material style
  • Style is any visible attribute
  • Shape, height, width, color of stone, design
    details
  • Some grave markers are unique for personal reasons

16
Types of Grave Markers
17
Analyzing Grave Markers at Crown Hill Cemetery
  • In this exercise students
  • Analyze 48 real grave markers manufactured
    between 1864 and 1997 based on stylistic changes
    in design
  • The Marker Data Table is located at
    http//www.iupui.edu/anthpm/markerdata.html
  • Sort the markers chronologically
  • Answer the questions based on photos and other
    information in the table

18
Examples from Crown Hill Activity
Bedino (1995) Above Ground
Gatling (1903) Monumental
Childers (1864) Symbolic
http//www.iupui.edu/anthpm/markerdata.html
19
Activity Two
  • A Cultural/Demographic Study of St. Helenas
    Episcopal Church Cemetery

20
Beaufort County, South Carolina
Named for Henry Somerset, Duke of Beaufort
(1684-1714)
Beaufort (1710) and St. Helenas Church (1712)
21
St. Helenas Church is located in the heart of
historic Beaufort, SC
St. Helenas Church
22
Parish Church of St. Helena
  • Established in 1712 by an act of the Colonial
    Assembly
  • Beaufort, South Carolina
  • Original building erected in 1724
  • Cemetery fills the church yard
  • Used by the Union Army as a hospital during the
    Civil War
  • Partially destroyed by hurricanes in 1896 and
    1959
  • Major restoration 1998-2000

23
Reading a Local Cultural Landscape
  • In Activity Two, students
  • Use elements of the cultural landscape images
    and data from grave markers in the cemetery of
    St. Helenas Church to examine changes over time.
  • Examine selected grave markers to understand
    cultural patterns in the local community
  • Manipulate the cemetery data base to produce
  • Histograms
  • Age at Death Pyramids
  • Summarize their findings in a short paper.

24
Getting Started
  • To begin this field activity, you will need a map
    of the cemetery to be studied. Add grid marks, if
    they are not already on the map, to facilitate
    sector references.

25
Sample Spreadsheet from the St. Helenas Database
26
Data Summary from the St. Helenas Database
27
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Patterns in Age at Death
29
Changes in Age at DeathComparing the 19th and
20th Centuries
St. Helenas 19th Century
St. Helenas 20th Century
30
Create a Field Experience for Your Class
  • An AP course should not be just about the Exam
  • An AP course should be about learning
  • Field work is not a requirement for APHG
  • But field work is essential to learning to think
    geographically
  • The experience of field work will demonstrate for
    students the geographic perspective
  • This experience will prepare them to apply what
    they have learned to any situation
  • And this will definitely help them on the Exam

31
Over-arching Course Goals
  • Students should
  • Study patterns and processes that have shaped
    human understanding, use, and alteration of
    Earths surface
  • Analyze human social organization
  • Apply the methods and tools of geography

Source College Board Course Description Booklet,
p. 3.
32
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