U.S. History Chapter 6

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U.S. HistoryChapter 6

• Life In The 13 Colonies

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New England ColoniesMaking A Living

• Agriculture was poor due to rocky and hilly soil.
• Subsistence Farming farming enough for your
  family
• Fishing thrived in the Atlantic Ocean. Fish were
  exported to Europe and a large part of the
  economy.
• Whaling was the most profitable, but also the
  most dangerous.
• Forests were plentiful and provided for a good
  shipbuilding Industry.
• Provided jobs for artisans (craft workers),
  laborers, and ship workers.
• Trade was heavy from the Colonies.
• Boston was the largest trading port.

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Fishing off the coast of New England
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Whaling
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Whalers cutting up the carcass
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Education (New England Colonies)

• Education was very important to Puritans
• Reading was important b/c you had to be able to
  read the Bible.
• In 1647 the Massachusetts School Law was passed
  providing public education to all children.
• Harvard became the first college in the colonies
  in 1636 in Cambridge, Mass.

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New England Primer
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Scene from a Dame School
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Community Life (New England Colonies)

• Towns were very important
• Most towns had a Meetinghouse or Church that sat
  aside a Common (gathering Area).
• No one worked on Sunday, the Sabbath
• Everyone went to church for several hours in the
  morning and several hours in the evening.
• Men sat on one side, women on the other.
• Every year there was a Town Meeting to discuss
  community problems and issues
• All free men attended the meetings.
• Early form of Democracy

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Salem Meeting House
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A village in the fall and winter
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Daily Life Children

• Childrens games during colonial times
• Puzzles
• Hoops
• Kite Flying
• Jump Rope
• London Bridge
• Tennis
• Spinning Tops
• Hopscotch

• Leap Frog
• Bow Arrow
• Blind Man's Bluff
• See Saw
• Bubble-Blowing
• Marbles
• Rocking Horses
• Swinging
• Cards
• Ice sliding

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Middle ColoniesMaking A Living

• Agriculture thrived here b/c of good soil and
  climate.
• Wheat was the most popular crop.
• Became known as the breadbasket colonies b/c
  they produced so much wheat.
• Goods were shipped to the port cities of New York
  City Philadelphia then to Europe.
• Goods that couldnt be transported by river were
  sent by road using Conestoga Wagons.

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Wheat field
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Conestoga Wagon
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Cities Grow (Middle Colonies)

• City Life was important in the Middle Colonies.
• Many merchants, craft workers, and shops emerged
  in cities.
• By the mid 1700s Philadelphia New York City
  passed Boston as the largest cities.

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Different Kinds of People (Middle Colonies)

• Middle Colonies had many kinds of people and many
  different religions.
• These different people merged their customs
  together.
• Education was considered important but not a
  priority.
• No public school system existed. Everything was
  private
• Young men usually learned a craft at 12 or 13
  years of age.

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Frontier (Middle Colonies)

• As the East coast became more populated, some
  moved farther inland for new land.
• This area was known as the Frontier.
• The Frontier boundaries changed with time.
• Frontier life was harder, b/c you were away from
  the city and away from society
• Everything was made from scratch.

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Frontier Life
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3. A finer grade of powder was poured from a
different powder horn into the pan of the rifle
or musket, the hammer pulled back and the frizzen
was closed. The weapon was the ready to be fired.

• 2.The powder poured down the barrel of the gun. A
  patched lead ball was shoved down the barrel
  until it rested on top of the powder charge.

• 1. Powder was poured from the powder horn into a
  measure that held a pre-determined amount of
  powder.

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Southern ColoniesMaking A Living

• Very rural with few large cities.
• Agriculture was the key to the economy.
• Two distinct social groups formed. The wealthy
  planters and the small farmer.
• Major crops grown were
• Tobacco Wealthy planters grew ½ small farmers
  grew ½ .
• Rice Grew well in the Carolinas.
• Indigo produced a blue dye which became popular
  for textiles (clothing)

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Tobacco ships on the James river
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Rice Cultivation
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A Rice field being plowed
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African Labor (Southern Colonies)

• Agricultural economy demanded much labor.
• By 1760 250,000 African slaves were in the
  colonies.
• Most slaves came from the West Coast of Africa.
  The route between Africa and the Americas was
  called the Middle Passage.
• Most colonists saw nothing wrong with slavery.
• Slaves worked on large Plantations (huge farms)
  in the South.
• Plantation consisted of the big house where the
  master and family lived, slave quarters, and the
  farmland.
• Some were later freed and some purchased their
  freedom
• Some free black communities emerged in the
  colonies.

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Virginia Plantation
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(
(1788) Tobacco Plantation
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Section 4 Democracy Takes Root

• When the colonies were being settled, England was
  in turmoil the colonies were ignored.
• In 1660 Charles II was named King of England he
  turned his attention towards the colonies.
• Charles II died in 1685 and his brother James II
  became King.

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Dominion of New England the Glorious Revolution

• James II combined New England, New Jersey, New
  York into the Dominion of New England
• Sir Edmund Andros was named Governor. He was
  hated by the people b/c he didnt care about
  their rights.
• James II was removed from power b/c the people
  thought he would make the country Catholic. His
  protestant daughter Mary was named queen.

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Sir Edmond Andros
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The Glorious Revolution

• The people called the peaceful change the
  Glorious Revolution
• In the colonies the Dominion of New England came
  to an end and Governor Andros was sent back to
  England.
• William and Mary restored elected assemblies in
  the individual colonies.

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Queen Mary II
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Bacons Rebellion

• The revolt against Andros was not the first
  problem in the colonies.
• In 1676 a Virginia farmer named Nathaniel Bacon
  led a revolt against Native Americans.
• This turned into a Civil War between Bacons
  supporters and supporters of the Governor.
• Bacon captured Jamestown and burned it, but he
  died of illness and the Rebellion fell apart.

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Bacon confronting Governor Berkley
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Controlling Colonial Trade

• Mercantilism is the idea that the colonies are
  supposed to make money for their home country.
• The English colonies had natural resources and
  were a market for English goods.
• England passed laws to control trade
• Navigations Acts
• Colonist had to use English built ships for all
  their trade.
• Certain colonial products could be sold only in
  England or in an English possession.
• Colonists could only buy English made goods.

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Boston harbor 1764
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Moving Toward Self-Government

• After the Glorious Revolution colonists were
  given the same rights as English citizens.
• Colonial Governments were set up much like
  Englands Government.
• There was an appointed governor and a two house
  legislature. Legislature had no real power. The
  governor had the final say so.