The Colonies grow

1
The Colonies grow

• Between 1607 and 1775 an estimated 690,000
  Europeans 278,000 Africans came to live in the
  colonies.

2
New England
Sugar

• Made up of small towns that were well-organized
  with a church in the center.
• The soil was hard and rocky, and the winters were
  long.
• Subsistence farming (just enough to survive) was
  common.
• The primary industries were fishing and
  shipbuilding.
• There were ample ports and trading was
  profitable. Cities and economy flourished.
• The Triangular Trade Route was a route between
  North America, Europe, and Africa.

Rum
Slaves
3
Middle Colonies

• More fertile soil than New England. Also milder
  winters.
• Many industries. But also skilled labor like
  carpentry and iron works.
• 100,000 German immigrants settled in
  Pennsylvania.
• Different groups brought diversity to the middle
  colonies.

4
Southern Colonies

• Rich soil and warm climate leads to farming and
  little or no industry.
• Tobacco was the main cash crop in Virginia.
  Slaves needed. Surplus causes prices to fall.
• South Carolina Rice was primary cash crop. Rice
  paddies were under water. Knee deep in water,
  exposed to sun and mosquitoes. Slaves to harvest.
• Slaves could be whipped, hanged, punished if
  family ran away. They could be sold away from
  their family at any time.
• Most Southerners were not slaveholders but
  believed it was necessary for the economy.

5
Government, Religion, and Culture
1689

• In 1688 Parliament decided to kick out King
  James. They replaced him with William Mary.
• This showed the power of elected representatives.
• In 1689 England experienced the Glorious
  Revolution and the English Bill of Rights.
• The colonists believed that as English citizens,
  those rights extend across the ocean.

6
What England Wants

• England uses the colonies for its raw materials.
  They turn those raw materials into finished
  goods.
• England wants to ensure that only they benefit
  from the colonies.
• They pass the Navigation Acts. This forces the
  colonies to only transport goods in English ships
  to England.
• The colonies are not allowed to trade with other
  countries. This leads to smuggling.

7
English Government

• Two principles influence the English government
• Limited Government
• Representative Government
• Government is not all powerful.
• In 1215 King John gave up much royal power in the
  Magna Carta.
• The Magna Carta protected against unjust
  punishment and the loss of life, liberty,
  property.

John
8
Types of Colonies

• There were three types of colonies.
• Charter Colonies (CT RI) were established
  through a formal document. They were allowed to
  elect their own representative governments.
• Proprietary Colonies (DE, MD, PA) were ruled by
  proprietors or owners who were free to rule as
  they saw fit.
• Royal Colonies (GA, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, SC,
  VA) were ruled by Britain. The king appointed a
  government.

9
Participation

• In most colonies only while males who owned
  property could vote.
• Many people participated in government. This
  would help lead to independence.
• The Great Awakening happened between the 1720s
  and 1740s.
• During this time people were asked to return to
  the strong faith of earlier days.
• Married women were under their husbands control
  and had very few rights.

10
Education

• Education was very important in the New England
  colonies. It was necessary to learn to read so
  you could read the Bible.
• Colleges were founded for the purpose of training
  ministers.
• The first college in the colonies was Harvard.
  The second was William Mary.

11
The Enlightenment

• The Enlightenment occurred in the mid-1700s.
• It was a period when people began to believe that
  reason, knowledge, science could improve
  society.
• Ben Franklin was a well-known American scientist
  who embodied the Enlightenment.
• In 1735 John Peter Zenger was arrested and
  charged with libel for being critical of the
  governor. Important step toward freedom of the
  press.

12
France and Britain Clash
FRANCE
Britain
vs.

• They are competing for resources in the Ohio
  River Valley.
• Native American support is vital to both sides.
• French have better relations with the Native
  Americans. They were interested in trading furs.
• Native Americans played sides against each other.
• Iroquois grant trading rights to British-
  upsetting the balance.

13
Introducing George Washington

• Virginians wanted to settle in the Ohio River
  Valley.
• George Washington is sent out to tell the French
  to get the heck out! They say NO!
• Washington comes back with militia to build a
  fort. French got there first. Builds Fort
  Necessity.
• French surround them. Washington surrenders.
• Thought of as a hero. He was the first to strike
  a blow against the French.

14
Albany Plan of Union

• Representatives from colonies meet in Albany, New
  York to find a way to defend themselves.
• Ben Franklins Albany Plan of Union called for
  one general government. An elected legislature
  could
• Collect Taxes
• Raise Troops
• Regulate Trade
• No colony agreed.
• The French and Indian War begins (The French
  Indians vs. the British Colonists).

vs
15
The French and Indian War

• Part of a larger war in Europe. Britain not
  involved early on.
• General Edward Braddock marches to Ft. Duquesne.
  Washington tells him dumb idea.
• Native Americans and French find British bright
  red uniforms an easy target.
• 100 men, including Braddock, were killed.
• Sparks new war in Europe called the Seven Years
  War. Disastrous for the colonies.
• William Pitt takes charge in England. Smart.

16
And the War ends

• Pitt agrees to cover entire cost of the war.
  Debt.
• Clear a path to western territories
• Conquer French Canada
• Fall of Quebec capture of Montreal, causing
  fighting in North America to end.
• Treaty of Paris of 1763 ends the French and
  Indian War.
• France gave up Canada all land east of the
  Mississippi.
• Spain gave Florida to Great Britain
• Spain received Louisiana Territory New Orleans.
• This treaty marked the end of France as a power
  in North America.

17
Results of the War

• The British victory was a blow to Native
  Americans. Lost ally trading partner.
• Settlers moved onto Native American land.
• Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, tries to join tribes
  together. Pontiacs War fails after a series of
  raids.
• British want to stop trouble with Native
  Americans.
• Proclamation of 1763 halts westward expansion
  (beyond the Appalachian Mountains).
• Settlers feel they won that land fair and square.
  This causes friction. They move there anyway.