INFECTION CONTROL GENERAL CONCEPTS

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INFECTION CONTROL GENERAL CONCEPTS

• Data collected presented by
• Dr. Mohamed ElBashaar

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General Infection Control topics

• Standard precautions.
• Hand Hygiene.
• Transmission based precautions (Isolation
  precautions).
• Use of PPE.
• Waste Management.

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Standard Precautions

• Applied to Blood, Blood Products, Body fluids
  and Excreta
• To avoid exposure to blood - borne pathogens
  (e.g. HBV, HCV HIV)

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Standard Precautions

• Apply standard precautions to all patients
  regardless of their diagnosis, and
• to all contaminated equipments and materials.
• Use judgment in determining which protective
  barriers are necessary.

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Standard Precautions

• Hands Hygiene
• Use Personal protective equipments (PPE)
• Gloves
• Gowns
• Masks
• Eye protection
• Face Shields

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• 3.Discard needles and other sharps in the sharp
  containers which are located as close as possible
  to the area of use. Don't recap needles, If any
  ,use the Scoop method (one hand method).

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USING SCOOP METHOD
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• 4) CLEANING SPILLS (e.g. Blood body fluids)
• Wear gloves and other PPE
• Absorb Wipe up the spill with an absorbent
  towel.Clean with detergent.
• Apply disinfectant to the contaminated area
  using sodium hypochlorite( Clorox 1 10 1
  volume9 water volumes) contact time 5-10min.
• Absorb Clorox and wash with water.

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Hand Hygiene

• Hand washing
• Alcohol-based Hand Rub
• Use of gloves does NOT replace hand washing.
• Gloves must be changed in-between patients.

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HAND WASHING

• When to wash your hands
• If hands are visibly dirty .
• Soiled hands with blood or body fluids.
• After contact with blood ,body fluids,
  secretions or mucus membranes.

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When to wash your hands?

• After contact with intact or non-intact skin.
• After handling items potentially contaminated
  (equipments)
• In-between patients .
• After removing gloves.
• After using bathroom.

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When to wash hands

• Before direct contact with patient.
• Before donning (sterile) gloves.
• Before preparing or handling medications.
• Before handling clean dressing.

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When to use alcohol-based hand rub

• If hands are NOT visibly soiled alcohol rub
  could be used instead of hand washing.
• If hand are visibly soiled (contaminated) ,they
  should be washed first.

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• PPE Personal Protective Equipments
• Gloves donning removal
• Other PPE donning removal
• Donning removal of N95 mask

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Standard Precautions
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Means of TransmissionFive Main Routes

• Common Vehicle (Food, blood)
• Vector-borne
• Droplet
• Airborne
• Contact
• Direct Contact
• Indirect Contact (Objects)

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Transmission-Based Precautions

• Used in addition to Standard Precautions for
  Specified Patients
• Designed for the Care of Patients known or
  suspected to be infected by epidemiologically
  important pathogens spread by airborne,
  droplet, or contact transmission.

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Airborne Precautions

• For infectious agents with droplet nuclei lt 5
  microns
• Examples
• Tuberculosis
• (diagnosed or suspected)
• Measles
• Chickenpox (varicella)
• Precaution Details
• Isolation rooms under negative pressure
• Air cycling gt12/hour
• HEPA filters
• Use respirators or N95 mask.
• Patient will use a surgical mask

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• Health care worker wearing a personal
  respirator

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• TB patient wearing a surgical mask

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Droplet Precautions

• For infectious agents with droplet nuclei gt 5
  microns, through cough or sneezing
• Examples
• Pertussis
• Influenza.
• Meningococcus meningitis.
• Precaution Details
• Private room
• Surgical Mask if within 1 meter of patient.

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Contact Precautions

• For protection against skin-to-skin contact and
  physical transfer of microorganisms to a host
  from a source e.g.
• Discharging wound
• MRSA
• VRE
• Precaution Details
• Private room
• Handwashing
• Glove changes

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For effective segregation of waste, provision of
different types of waste containers in all
clinical areas, is necessary.
BIOHAZARD
BIOHAZARD
SHARPS NEEDLES
Sharps Container
Infectious Waste Bin
Regular Waste Bin
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Sharps containers

• Should be easily accessible
• At or below the level of the eyes
• Kept away from the pathways
• Not to be kept on the grounds.
• Should Not be overfilled more than 3/4 full.
• Never to be shake to get more space

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• Thank you