COMP3470 IS33 People-Centred Information Systems Development

1
COMP3470 IS33 People-Centred Information Systems
Development
School of Computing FACULTY OF Engineering

• Week 2 ISD Approaches theories, methods and
  techniques
• Asking what, how and when?

2

• ISD.a bit short of theories?
• (some being used in HCI?)

3
Theories of Motivation

• There are 4 well-publicized motivational
  theories
• Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
• Hygiene Theory
• Expectancy Theory
• Achievement Theory
• How to use these theories?
• When?
• Advantages and disadvantages

4
Methods and Techniques

• UML
• Stakeholder analysis
• Rich picture
• Ethnography
• Joint Application Development (JAD)
• User-centred design

5
How?

• Workshop / common visual display
• Use of IT
• decision support systems (e.g. Groupsystem)
• prototypes
• SQIRO, field studies
• Individual /small group consultation
• Informal expert review
• Usability / formal heuristic evaluation
• Iterative design

6
When?

• Data collection / Understanding
• Feasibility study / Analysis
• Design
• Implementation
• Testing /evaluation
• Installation

Well revisit these when we come to
Methodologies
7

• Lets look at the methods techniques one by one

8
UML

• Where does people feature in UML?
• How these diagrams can be used?
• When?
• Advantages and disadvantages?

9
Stakeholder Analysis

1. Need to identify the people who need to be
   consulted while gathering requirements
2. Usually involve stakeholders in brainstorming
   sessions
3. Possible stakeholders shareholders/investors,
   employees (different subgroups?), customers,
   suppliers, trade associations, environmental
   groups, public stakeholder group (government
   bodies) some of these could be users of IS
   but not all
4. Advantages and disadvantages?

10
Rich Picture

• What is it see example from Avison Fitzgerald
  p.159
• To examine factors such as interfaces,
  boundaries, subsystems, the control of resources,
  organisational structure, role of personnel,
  organisational goals, employee needs, issues,
  problems, and concerns
• How can this be used?
• When?
• Advantages and disadvantages?

11
Ethnography

• a method of observing human interactions in
  social setting and activities
• (Burke Kirk 2001, http//www.otal.umd.edu/hci-rm
  /ethno.html )
• field study, contextual inquiry, observational
  study in HCI and systems analysis
• How?
• When?
• Advantages disadvantages?

12
JAD

1. A facilitated meeting involving business users
   and IS professionals for confirming design
   decisions
2. How?
3. When?
4. Advantages and disadvantages?

13
User-Centred Design

1. The practice of the following principles the
   active involvement of users for a clear
   understanding of user and task requirements,
   iterative design evaluation, and a
   multi-disciplinary approach. (Vredenburg et al, A
   Survey of User-Centered Design Practice, in CHI
   2002 changing the world, changing ourself, CHI
   Letters, Vol 4 no 1)
2. How?
3. When?
4. Advantages and disadvantages?