Civil Rights during WWII

1
Civil Rights during WWII

• Objective
• Analyze the civil rights violations during WWII
• Std. 11.7.5

2
Japanese
3
Japanese Americans

• Pearl Harbor
• How does this effect Americans
• Easy to separate Japanese from Americans
• Ex Order 9066
• FDR authorized
• Place Japanese away from West Coast
• Forced removal from their own land

4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
Korematsu vs US

• Japanese Am - Fred Korematsu (Nisei) sued
  American gov on Constitutionality of Order 9066
• Based on 5th Amend
• abuse of gov authority, due process
• Ruled ok because protected against espionage
• More important than individual rights
• Over turned in 1983

13
German/Italian Americans
14
German Italian Aliens

• Some were required to report to internment camps
  like the Japanese
• Others required to register with post office as
  enemy aliens
• Under Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 then Sedition
  Acts of 1918
• natives, citizens, denizens or subjects of any
  foreign nation or government with which the
  United States is at war ...are liable to be
  apprehended, restrained, secured and removed as
  alien enemies..
• Usually place in the middle of the country

15
Jews
16
Final Solution

• Genocide of All European Jews
• All undesirables Jews, Mentally/Physically
  Handicapped, Gypsies, Homosexuals
• Placed Jews in Extermination camps
• None of which were in Germany

17
(No Transcript)
18
Women
19
Women in Military

• Once again took jobs while men were fighting in
  the war.
• Helped to continue the push for equality

20
Women - The Rise of Rosie

• A. The Hidden Army
• Up to and especially in the Great Depression
  unacceptable white, married women work outside
  the home taking mens jobs
• WWII 50 more women (7 million) working
• SF 2x Detroit 5x
• of wives working doubled

21

• Attitudes changed patriotic duty the Hidden
  Army on the Homefront (actively fighting war)
• Can ?duty women pressured to work

22

• Black women benefited most from changing jobs
• 3/week ? 48/week
• New jobs gave money, sense of pride and
  accomplishment, community
• Gender consciousness

23
Women

• What did women want? 4/5 wanted to keep working
  after the war
• Vets had preference women pushed out of work
  after the war
• Lost factory jobs, most kept some kind of
  employment (necessity)
• Women employed outside the home
• 1940 27 1950 32

24
Women - Problems

• However many attitudes remained unchanged
• Discrimination
• Pay disparity
• Culture (2nd Shift)
• Post-war propaganda pressured women back into the
  home? delay Womens Movement
• Vs. Civil Rights Movement
• Only 10 working women in defense industry
• 55 housewives

25
African Americans
26
Af-Am political Demands

• WWI WWII was the first step towards civil
  rights that took place in the 60s
• Saw what it was like to have equality in Europe

27
I. Blacks and the Sources of the Civil Rights
Movement

• A. Breaking the Color Barrier
• Pre-war defense industry blacks only as janitors
• A. Philip Randolph (Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
  Porters) demand FDR end discrimination
• Threatened massive March On Washington? June 1941
  EO 8802?
• Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)
• Black Democratic voters
• Eleanors criticism
• 700,000 blacks hired in defense industries
• 200,000 in Federal Government

28
B. Moving On Up

• High paying, unionized jobs
• of blacks in unions doubled
• Lured blacks from rural South to North and West
  2nd Great Migration
• Roughly 1 million (2x as many) and West (CA black
  pop. 2x)

29

• Effects
• Economic advancement
• Urbanization
• Control over own lives
• Didnt have to be Jim Crow South
• Right ability to vote
• Army moved slowly toward desegregation? Double
  V, Tuskegee Airmen
• ? Rise in expectations

30
C. Discrediting Racism

• American attack Nazis Imperial Japans
  counter-propaganda? US racism broadcasted to the
  world? pressure reform
• Sim. USSR propaganda 1950s60s
• Blacks get outside Jim Crow
• Whites see evils of racism (both of enemy and
  among selves)