REVIEW

1
REVIEW

• What are the MAIN causes of WWI?
• Which single event started the war?
• Who are the Central Powers? Allies?
• What was Germanys uber plan for swift victory?
• Why does the US get involved?
• When does the war end? (specific date!)

2
Versailles
3
Treaty of Versailles What really happened?

• Russia was not invited
• Germany sent representatives, but no say
• Most decisions made by the Big Four
• US, Britain, France and Italy

4
Goals of each country

• Britain high reparations, destroy German navy,
  take colonies from the Central Powers
• France high reparations, destroy German army,
  take colonies from the Central Powers
• Italy take territory from Austria-Hungary
• Japan take German colonies in Asia
• USA low reparations, independence for all
  colonies, a strong League of Nations

5
The Treaty

• Reparations Germany had to pay 33 billion
  (442 in todays money!)
• Also had to sign the War Guilt Clause accepting
  blame for the war
• Army limited to 100,000 men.

6
The Treaty, cont.

• German colonies were turned into mandates ruled
  by the Allies
• Mandates were supposed to be temporary, preparing
  colonies for independence.
• In reality it was just more imperialism!
• Japan only got ½ of the colonies it wanted.

7
The Treaty, cont.

• Austria-Hungary was divided into several small
  independent countries.
• Italy did not get the territory it wanted.

8
The Treaty, cont.

• A League of Nations was created, but it was too
  weak to prevent wars.
• Members were not required to contribute
  peacekeeping troops, so none did.

9
Results of the Treaty

• Germans were very angry at the Allies
• German economy ruined by reparations
• German govt. printed money to pay its bills led
  to hyperinflation
• The US had to bail out Germany in 1925 to prevent
  economic collapse!
• Things got so bad that Germans were willing to
  support anyone who promised solutions
• Hitler!

10
German Hyperinflation
11
Results, cont.

• Italians felt betrayed by the Allies. They voted
  out their leader and supported a new dictator,
  Benito Mussolini
• Japan felt somewhat betrayed that ½ their
  colonies were given to Australia. Began planning
  to take them back
• Germany, Italy and Japan joined forced in World
  War II and became the Axis

12
Results, cont.

• The US became isolationist
• US never signed the treaty, never joined the
  League of Nations
• The League was unable to stop German, Italian and
  Japanese aggression in the 1930s (that led to
  WWII)

13
Results, cont.

• The map of Europe changed many new countries
  created

14
(No Transcript)
15
Lost German territory
16
Results, cont.

• Public image of war was changed
• Before WWI, people thought of war as exciting,
  heroic, a fun adventure
• After WWI, people thought of war as brutal,
  pointless, a waste
• The Lost Generation a literary movement that
  emphasized the horrors of war