Anatomical

1
Chapter 2

• Anatomical
• Movement
• Terminology

2
Analyzing Human Movement

• consistent descriptive terms
• accurately describe actions
• identify critical actions
• Cover quickly, from KNR 181

3
Standard reference terminology

• Anatomical reference position.
• Is this position neutral?
• -palms forward requires muscle activity

4
Directional terms

• Superior

• Inferior

5
Directional terms

• Superior
• Anterior

• Inferior
• Posterior

6
Directional terms

• Superior
• Anterior
• Medial

• Inferior
• Posterior
• Lateral

7
Directional terms

• Superior
• Anterior
• Medial
• Proximal

• Inferior
• Posterior
• Lateral
• Distal

8
Directional terms

• Superior
• Anterior
• Medial
• Proximal
• Superfacial

• Inferior
• Posterior
• Lateral
• Distal
• Deep

9
Anatomical reference planes

• Cardinal planes
• Sagittal plane
• Frontal plane
• Transverse plane
• Oblique planes

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materials
10
Anatomical Reference Axes

• Medio-lateral axis (frontal, transverse)
• Anteroposterior axis (sagittal axis)
• Longitudinal axis (vertical)

11
Joint Movement Terminology

• Sagittal plane movements
• Flexion
• Extension
• Hyperextension
• Dorsiflexion
• Plantar flexion

Axis????
12
Frontal plane movements

• Abduction
• Adduction
• Lateral flexion - sideways rotation of the trunk.
• Elevation of the shoulder girdle.
• Depression of the shoulder girdle.

Axis????
13
Frontal plane movements

• Radial deviation - rotation of the hand at the
  wrist in the frontal plane toward the thumb.
• Ulnar deviation - rotation of the hand at the
  wrist in the frontal plane toward the little
  finger.

14
Frontal Plane Movements

• Eversion of the foot - outward rotation of the
  sole of the foot.
• Inversion of the foot - inward rotation of the
  sole of the foot.

15
Transverse plane movements

• Left rotation of the head, neck, and trunk.
• Right rotation of the head, neck, and trunk.
• Medial rotation of the arm or leg.
• Lateral rotation of the arm or leg.
• Supination and pronation of the forearm.
• Horizontal abduction and adduction
• horizontal extension and flexion

Axis????
16
Other movements

• Circumduction - combination of flexion/extension,
  abduction/adduction
• finger circling in a raised position.
• hip
• knee
• Supination of the foot - inversion, adduction,
  and plantar flexion.
• Pronation of the foot - eversion, abduction, and
  dorsiflexion.

17
Homework
Due Friday, January 25, 2002
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Getchell