???????????(1): 15?????????

1
??? ?????????

• 1.??????????
• 2.?????????
• ???????

2
???????????(1)15?????????

• ???????????
• ??????????
• ?????????,????????????(Children viewed as evil
  and needed to be prepared for the afterlife)
• ??????????????(Children needed to be directed,
  punished and corrected )
• ???????(Children expected to move quickly into
  adulthood)

3
???????????(2)???????????(1400-1600)

• ??????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????(Children were viewed as good)
• ???????
• ????(universal education)???????????

4
???????????(3)15???????

• Taught reading, writing, arithmetic and book
  keeping became common through out Europe.
• As living conditions improved, children lived
  longer.
• Came to understand that the educated child could
  help improve the family conditions but..
• Families needed help in educating their children.

5
???????

• ???????????( Father of Modern Education )
• ????????,????????
• 1630???????(Didactica Magna ,The Great
  Didactic),????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????????????????,????150??????????

6
?????????

• ??????????????
• ???? ?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????(Schola Materna ,The Mothers
  Knee)(0-6)-??????
• ????(Schola Vernacula , Study of
  Language)(7-12)-?????
• ????(Schola Latina - Latin School
  )(13-18)-???????????????????????
• ??(University and Travel)(19-24)-?????

7
?????????(???????http//core.roehampton.ac.uk/
digital/froarc/comgre/ )
8
?????????

• Chapter 1 Man is the highest, the most absolute,
  and the most excellent of things created
• Chapter 2 The ultimate end of man is beyond this
  life
• Chapter 3 This life is but a preparation for
  eternity
• Chapter 4 There are three stages in the
  preparation for eternity...
• Chapter 5 Man's natural craving for knowledge
• Chapter 6 If a man is to be produced, it is
  necessary that he be formed by eduction
• Chapter 7 A man can most easily be formed in
  early youth...
• Chapter 8 The young must be educated in common,
  and for this schools are necessary
• Chapter 9 All the young of both sexes should be
  sent to school
• Chapter 10 The instruction given in schools must
  be universal
• Chapter 11 Hitherto there have been no perfect
  schools
• Chapter 12It is possible to reform schools

9
???????????

• "The turner shapes a block of wood with his axe
  before he turns it the blacksmith heats iron
  before he hammers it the clothweaver, before he
  spins his wool, first cleans, washes, cards, and
  fulls it the shoemaker, before he sews the shoe,
  prepares, shapes, and smoothes the leather but
  who, I ask, ever thinks it necessary that the
  teacher, in the same way, should make his pupils
  anxious for information, capable of receiving
  instruction, and therefore ready for a many-sided
  education, before he begins to place knowledge
  before them?
• The desire to know and to learn should be excited
  in boys in every possible manner.
• The method of instruction should lighten the
  drudgery of learning that there may be nothing to
  hinder the scholars or deter them from making
  progress with their studies."

10
????????????

• "The turner shapes a block of wood with his axe
  before he turns it the blacksmith heats iron
  before he hammers it the clothweaver, before he
  spins his wool, first cleans, washes, cards, and
  fulls it the shoemaker, before he sews the shoe,
  prepares, shapes, and smoothes the leather but
  who, I ask, ever thinks it necessary that the
  teacher, in the same way, should make his pupils
  anxious for information, capable of receiving
  instruction, and therefore ready for a many-sided
  education, before he begins to place knowledge
  before them?
• The desire to know and to learn should be excited
  in boys in every possible manner.
• The method of instruction should lighten the
  drudgery (??)of learning that there may be
  nothing to hinder the scholars or deter them from
  making progress with their studies."

11
??????????

• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????(????????)??????????????
• ???????????
• ??????????,??????????????
• ?????????

12
????

• ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ,??????,?????
• ???????????(pansophism)?,?????????????????????????
  ????????????

13
??????????????
14
???????????

• ??
• 1. ?????????????(Scholasticism)??????(Rationalism
  )????
• 2. ???????????(John Locke,1632-1704),???(George
  Berkeley,1685-1753),???(David Hume,1711-1776)?,???
  ????(Francis Bacon,1561-1626),???????????????,????
  ????????????
• 3. ???????,???????????

15
(No Transcript)
16
???????????

• ???,???????????????????Charles I?????????,????????
  ??
• ???,?????????,?????????????????,?1688?????,???????
  ??
• ???,???????????????,??Aristotle????????????,??????
  ??????(?????,2008)?

17
???Locke???????Episode I

• ???1632????1666??Lord Ashley
• 1632?8?29??????????????(Bristol)????????????????
  ????????15??????(Westminster School )???
• 20?????,??????????????????1661-1663???????(???,)?

http//royalsociety.org/
18
Essex(?????)
Somerset(?????)
19
???Locke???????Episode II(1666-1688)

• ??1666-1688
• 1667?,Locke??????Ashley?????
• 1668??????????(Royal Society)??,????????
• 1668?????????(Board of Trade and
  Plantations),???????????????????????????
• 1675????????????Locke????????,????????????
• ????,??????????????,?A. A. C. Shaftesburry
  ??(?????)??,????,???????????????????

Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
20
???Locke???????Episode III(1689-1704)

• 1698????????????,?????1700????1704???

• John Lockes Tomb

21
???????

• 1690????????????(Two Treaties of
  Government,?????????? ),???????????
• ?????????(An Essay Concerning Human
  Understanding),???????
• 1693?????(????)(Some Thoughts Concerning
  Education)???????????????????,?????????????????
• 1695????????(The Reasonableness of Christianity)

22
??????????

• ???
• 1. ????(liberalism)?????(Hobbes)??????????(????
  ?????????),????????(reason)???(tolerance)?????????
  ?????????????????????????????(le sage Locke)
• 2. ?????(Social Contract)
• ????????(One Price)??
• ?????(self)?

23
Locke???????

• ?????????
• ?????(tabula rasa),?????????
• ????????????(???????),??????????????,???????????
  ???????????,??????,???????????????????????????????
  ????????????????(?????,2008)

24
Locke???????

• ????Some Thoughts concerning Education(????)
• ????(?????,2008)
• 1. ????
• ????????????,???????????,?????????,?????????????
  ????????,???????????????????????
• ?(virtue)????????,??????,???????????????????
• ????,?????????????????????????????,??????,??????
  ??????????
• ??(gentleman) ??????

25
Locke???????

• ????????????,???????????????????????????????,?
  ?????????????????????
• ????????????,??????????????????????????????,??????
  ??,?????
• ??????????????,???,??????????,??????????????,?????
  ?????????????????,???????????

26
Locke?????

• ??????,?????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ?????????????????????,???????????????,???????,????
  ???????????????
• ????????????????,????????????????????
• ???????,?????????????????????????????????

27
Locke?????????

• ?????????,??????,????????????????????,?????????
  ??????????????
• ?????????,??????
• ????????????????,????????????,?????????,?????
• ???????????????????????,???????????????????

28
????
http//www.libraries.psu.edu/tas/locke/chron/index
.html
29
?????
30

• ?????????,???????,?????????????(???????)????,?????
  ????,?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????,??????????(idea)(??? ??
  ?????)?????????????,????????????????????????????
  ???

31
????

• ???(2008)??????????????(J. Locke)????????
  ,???????????????
• ???(2001)???????,?????
• ???(1999)??????,?????
• ????????????????
• ????, http//core.roehampton.ac.uk/digital/froarc/
  comgre/