Multiple Intelligences

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Multiple Intelligences
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• It is of the utmost importance that we recognize
  and nurture all the varied human intelligences
  and all of the combinations of intelligences.  We
  are all so different largely because we all have
  different combinations of intelligences.  If we
  recognize this, I think we will have at least a
  better chance of dealing appropriately with the
  many problems that we face in the
  world. Howard Gardner (1987)

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Background

• In his 1983 book Frames of Mind, Howard Gardner
  attempted to broaden the scope of human potential
  beyond simple IQ scores.
• Gardner suggested that intelligence had more to
  do with the capacity for (1) solving problems and
  (2) fashioning products in a context-rich and
  naturalistic setting, than with a single IQ
  measurement.
• Gardner used eight tests that an intelligence
  must meet in order to be considered a
  full-fledged intelligence and not just a talent,
  skill or aptitude.

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The Seven Intelligences

• Linguistic
• Logical-Mathematical
• Spatial
• Bodily-Kinesthetic
• Musical
• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal

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Linguistic Intelligence

• The capacity to use words effectively, whether
  orally or in writing.
• High-End Example Virginia Woolf

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Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

• The capacity to use numbers effectively and to
  reason well.
• High-End Example Blaise Pascal

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Spatial Intelligence

• The ability to perceive the visual-spatial world
  accurately and to perform transformations upon
  those perceptions.
• High-End Example I.M. Pei

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Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

• Expertise in using ones whole body to express
  ideas and feelings and facility in using ones
  hands to produce or transform thing.
• High-End Example Rudolf Nureyev

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Musical Intelligence

• The capacity to perceive, discriminate,
  transform, and express musical forms.
• High-End Example Stevie Wonder

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Interpersonal Intelligence

• The ability to perceive and make distinctions in
  the moods, intentions, motivations, and feelings
  of other people.
• High-End Example Nelson Mandela

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Intrapersonal Intelligence

• Self-knowledge and the ability to act adaptively
  on the basis of that knowledge.
• High-End Example Buddha

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Key Points in MI Theory

• Each person possesses all seven intelligences
• Most people can develop each intelligence to an
  adequate level of competence
• Intelligences usually work together in complex
  ways
• There are many ways to be intelligent within each
  category
• There might be additional intelligences
• (i.e. Naturalist)

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Methods of Teaching to MI

• Because of individual differences among students,
  teachers are best advised to use a broad range of
  teaching strategies with their students.

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Methods of Assessment

• Because many of the teaching strategies for
  teaching to MI are context-specific, the
  assessments should likewise be non-standard
  (therefore more authentic)

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Further Information

• Frames of Mind (1983), Howard Gardner
• Gardners Project Zero
• http//www.pz.harvard.edu/index.cfm
• Thomas Armstrongs
• Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom (1994)

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