Population Geography

1
Population Geography
2
Population Vocabulary

• Population Geography
• Demography
• Rates
• Cohort
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
• Crude Death Rate (CDR)
• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

3
Population Geography

• The branch of human geography dealing with the
  number, composition, and distribution of humans
  in relation to variations in earth-space
  conditions

4
Demography

• The statistical study of human population, with
  particular emphasis upon quantitative aspects.

5
Rates

• record the frequency of occurrence of an event
  during a given time frame for a designated
  population

6
Cohort

• measures refer data to a population group unified
  by a specified common characteristic. Ex. The
  age cohort of 1-5 years, or the college class
  2001

7
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

• CBR is the annual number of live births per 1000
  population, often referred to as the birth rate.
  It is crude because it relates births to total
  population w/o regard to the age or sex
  composition of that population.
• A country with a population of 2 million and with
  40,000 births has a CBR of 20 per1,000.
• 40,000/2,000,00020 per 1,000

8
Crude Birth Rates
Fig. 2-8 The crude birth rate (CBR) is the total
number of births in a country per 1,000
population per year. The lowest rates are in
Europe, and the highest rates are in Africa and
several Asian countries.
9
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

• The average number of children that would be born
  to each woman if, during her childbearing years,
  she bore children at the current years rate for
  women that age.
• A TFR of 2.1 is needed to replace the present
  population. World wide basis the TFR was 3.0.

10
Total Fertility Rates
Fig. 2-9 The Total fertility rate (TFR) is the
number of children an average woman in a society
will have through her childbearing years. The
lowest rates are in Europe, and the highest are
in Africa and parts of the Middle East.
11
Crude Death Rate (CDR)

• The CDR, also called the mortality rate is
  calculated in the same way as the crude birth
  rate. The annual number of deaths per 1,000
  population

12
Crude Death Rates
Fig. 2-12 The crude death rate (CDR) is the
total number of deaths in a country per 1,000
population per year. Because wealthy countries
are in a late stage of the demographic
transition, they often have a higher CDR than
poorer countries.
13
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

• The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths
  age 1 year or less

14
Infant Mortality Rates
Fig. 2-10 The infant mortality rate is the
number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births per
year. The highest infant mortality rates are
found in some of the poorest countries of Africa
and Asia.
15
RNI

• Rate of Natural Increase
• CBR CDR
• Doubling Time
• Amount of time it takes for a population to
  double in size
• CALCULATED 70/ RNI but must be expressed as
  whole number

16
World Population Growth19502000
Fig. 2-6 Total world population increased from
2.5 to 6 billion in this half century. The
natural increase rate peaked in the early 1960s
and has declined since, but the number of people
added each year did not peak until 1990.
17
Life Expectancy at birth
Fig. 2-11 Life expectancy at birth is the
average number of years a newborn infant can
expect to live. The highest life expectancies are
generally in the wealthiest countries, and the
lowest in the poorest countries.
18
Population Density
19
Population Density

• Expresses the relationship between the number of
  inhabitants and the area they occupy.

20
Arithmetic Population Density
Fig. 2-4 Arithmetic population density is the
number of people per total land area. The
highest densities are found in parts of Asia and
Europe.
21
Crude Density

• C.D. is the calculation of the number of people
  per unit of land. Usually a political region.

22
Problems with Crude Density

• figure is misleading because all land is used
  including undeveloped or uninhabitable land with
  the developed districts
• it reveals nothing about either class of
  territory
• the larger the land are the less useful the
  figure
• It is better to compare regions or units of land
  that are similar

23
Physiological Density

• Arable land land where crops are grown
• Division of total population by arable land.
  This is an expression of population pressure on
  agricultural land.

24
Physiological Density
Fig. 2-5 Physiological density is the number of
people per arable land area. This is a good
measure of the relation between population and
agricultural resources in a society.
25
Problems with Physiological Density

• depends on uncertain definitions of land
  classified as arable
• assumes all arable land is equally productive

26
Four Generalizing Conclusions on Population

• 90 of all people live north of equator
• ½ people live on 5 of land
• people congregate in lowland areas
• 2/3 of worlds population live within 300 miles
  of the ocean

27
Cartogram on World Population
28
Where do People Live?

• East Asia
• South Asia
• Europe
• N.E. U.S./S.E. Canada

29
East Asia

• Japan, Taiwan, China, S. Korea
• 25 of worlds population lives in this area
• China alone has 20

30
South Asia

• Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
• 21 of worlds population

31
Europe

• Including Ukraine and European Russia
• 13 of worlds population

32
N.E. U.S./S.E. Canada

• Smallest of the four clusters

33
Other Areas of Population Concentration

• Along the Nile River in Egypt
• Pockets in Africa and L. America
• The island of Java in Indonesia

34
Problems of Urbanization in Developing World

• uses millions of acres of arable land each year.
• Cities face problems of people living in areas
  around cities such as slums and shantytowns
• Massive problems of housing, education, and
  health services for residents

35
African Urbanizatoin

• AfricaIn 1950 only 2 cities had population over
  1 million.
• By 2025 it is estimated that 36 cities will have
  populations of 4 million or moreaverage size 9
  million

36
HIV/AIDS Prevalence Rates, 2002
Fig. 2-26 The highest HIV infection rates are in
sub-Saharan Africa. India and China have large
numbers of cases, but lower infection rates at
present.