The Basis of Cellular Inheritance

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The Basis of Cellular Inheritance

• 10.2 and 10.3

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Vocabulary Clarification
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Human Karyotype
XX Female XY Male
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES carry the same genetic
info, one copy is from Mom and one copy is from
Dad
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Diploid vs. Haploid

• Diploid cells (2n) have 2 sets of chromosomes
  (somatic cells- almost all the cells in the body)
• Haploid cells (n) have one set of chromosomes
  (gametes or sex cells)

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The Cell Cycle
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INTERPHASE
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Phases of Mitosis PROPHASE
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Phases of Mitosis METAPHASE
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Phases of Mitosis ANAPHASE
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Phases of Mitosis TELOPHASE
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Regulating The Cell Cycle

• Cells complete the cell cycle at different paces
  some cells dont divide
• (ex neurons, cardiac muscle)
• Special proteins (called cyclins) direct the
  sequence of events and serve as checkpoints
• When this control system malfunctions, cells
  reproduce at the wrong time

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Tumors and Cancer

• Cancer is a disorder in which some of the bodys
  cells lose the ability to control growth.
• As a result, cells divide uncontrollably and form
  masses of cells called tumors (can be benign or
  malignant).
• Sometimes cancer cells break away from the tumor
  and spread from their site of origin
  (metastasis).
• Combating cancer requires a deep understanding of
  the cell cycle.

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Cancer Treatment

• SURGERY
• Remove tumor from tissue
• RADIATION
• Expose dividing tumor cells to high-energy
  radiation to disrupt division
• CHEMOTHERAPY
• Use antimitotic drugs to prevent spindle
  formation or function

• SIDE EFFECTS
• Damage reproductive cell development (sterility)
• Damage intestinal cells (nausea)
• Damage hair follicle cells (hair loss)