Pre

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Pre AP Biology

• Molecules of Life (2.4)
• Part 1

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Dehydration Hydrolysis reactions involving
monomers polymers
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Carbohydrate Monomer Molecular StructuresRemember
, Stored Hydrogen Energy
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Carbohydrate PolymersStarch stored plant
sugarsGlycogen stored animal sugars
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Cellulose of plant cell walls
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Chitin
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Lipids
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Dehydration Synthesis Reaction to make
LipidsCompare the number of Hydrogen in a lipid
to that in a Carbohydrate
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated
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Phospholipid structure
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Cell MembranesSee the phospholipid bi-layer?See
the cholesterol too?
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WaxesAlcohol Oil
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Steroid Structure
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AtherosclerosisNormal artery on leftClogged
artery on right (See the cholesterol plaques on
the inside?)
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Pre AP Biology

• Molecules of Life (2.4)
• Part 2

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Proteins
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Some Amino AcidsCan you spot the amine
functional groups?Can you spot the carboxyl
functional groups?These are Hydrophobic
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Some more Amino AcidsThese are Hydrophilic (Why?)
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Answer

• Because the have charges positive, negative,
  both (polar)

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Peptide BondingWhat type of chemical reaction is
occurring to make this polymer?
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Insulin protein Primary 1 sequenceSee the
sequence of amino acids?
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Sickle Cell DiseaseThe sixth amino acid has been
changed in the primary sequence
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2 structureThe Hydrogen bonding gives the
protein flexibility.
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3 StructureNotice the sulfur. Remember,
sulfhdryl functional groups?
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4 Structure in a Red Blood cell
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Proteins Natural Form
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Denaturation of a proteinWhat bonds do you think
broke allowing this to happen?
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Answer

• Hydrogen
• Remember, they are weak bonds.

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Nucleic Acid Structure
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Complimentary Base Pairing Always a pyrimidine
paired with a purine
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Double Helix of DNA
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Watson and Crick with their model of DNA What
are scientific model for again?
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Answer

• To help explain concepts visually which are hard
  to see in real life.

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Genes and EvolutionHow many are in common versus
different?