Water Cycle

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Water Cycle

• Bell Work
• Where does the water cycle get its energy from?

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What is the water cycle?

• The water cycle describes the existence and
  movement of water on, in, and above the Earth.
• Water is always in motion
• Water is always changing states
• Liquid
• Solid
• gas

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Hydrologic Cycle

• The water cycle can also be called the Hydrologic
  CycleWHY?
• Since the water cycle is truly a "cycle," there
  is no beginning or end.
• Water can change states among liquid, vapor, and
  ice at various places in the water cycle
• These processes have been happening over millions
  of years.
• The water in the apple you ate yesterday may have
  fallen as rain half-way around the world last
  year or could have been used 100 million years
  ago by Mama Dinosaur to give her baby a bath.

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Components of the Water Cycle

• Water storage in oceans
• Evaporation
• Sublimation
• Evaporation
• Water in the atmosphere
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Water storage in ice and snow
• Snowmelt runoff to streams
• Surface runoff
• Stream flow
• Freshwater storage
• Infiltration
• Ground-water storage
• Ground-water discharge
• Springs

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Water storage

• 96.5 of the water on earth is in the oceans
• 3.5 of the water on earth is fresh
• 90 of the evaporated water contained in the
  water cycle came from the ocean
• Ice caps and glaciers

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Evaporation

• Evaporation is when the sun heats up water in
  rivers or lakes or the ocean and turns it into
  vapor or steam. 
• The water vapor, or steam, leaves the river, lake
  or ocean and goes into the air.
• 90 comes from oceans, seas, lakes and rivers
• 10 comes from plants transpiration
• Humidity
• Evaporation removes heat from the environment
  HOW??
• Once evaporated, a water molecule spend about 10
  days in the air.

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Sublimation

• Sublimation The change of snow or ice to water
  vapor without melting
• Solid ? gas
• High amounts of energy is needed.Where would
  this energy come from???
• South side of Mt. Everest
• Low temperatures
• Strong winds
• Intense sunlight
• Low air pressure

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Transpiration

• Transpiration is the process by which plants lose
  water out of their leaves. 
• Transpiration gives evaporation a bit of a hand
  in getting the water vapor back up into the air
• Moisture is carried through plants from roots to
  small pores on the underside of the leaves, where
  it changes to vapor and is released to the
  atmosphere.
• A large oak tree can transpire 40,000 gallons of
  water a year.
• Factors that effect Transpiration
• Temperature
• Relative humidity
• Wind and air movement
• Soil-moisture availability
• Types of plants

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Water in the atmosphere

• The atmosphere always contains water
• Tiny water particles are too small to see
  UNLESS.
• Clouds
• Superhighway used to move water around the globe

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Condensation

• Condensation Water vapor in the air gets cold
  and changes back into liquid, forming clouds. 
• Responsible for the formation of CLOUDS
• Vapor ? liquid
• Condensation is the opposite of evaporation
• Fog
• Moisture on your windows or drink
• Water vapor in the warm air, turns back into
  liquid when it touches the cold glass

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Precipitation

• Precipitation  Occurs when so much water has
  condensed that the air cannot hold it anymore. 
• The clouds get heavy and water falls back to the
  earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow
• Millions of cloud droplets are required to make a
  single raindrop

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Precipitation Rates Vary by location
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Surface Runoff

• Surface Runoff Occurs as precipitation travels
  over the soil surface to the nearest stream
  channel.
• Run over the soil and collect in the oceans,
  lakes or rivers where the cycle starts
• Ground saturation
• Flash flood
• Deposition can happen during this time.What was
  that??
• Dangerous time for pollution to occur

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• A watershed is an area of land where all of
  the water that falls in it and drains off of it
  goes into the same place.

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Groundwater

• A portion of the water that falls as
  precipitation can infiltrate (seeps into) the
  subsurface soil and rock.
• Used by plants and burrowing animals
• Keeps soil cool during the summer

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Groundwater
Permeable Layers
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Water Table

• The top of the surface where ground water occurs
  is called the water table

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Aquifer

• An underground layer of water-bearing porous
  stone, earth, or gravel

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Groundwater
Artesian Well
Spring
Aquifer
Aquifer
Water Table
Impermeable Rock
Well
Dry Well
Aquifer
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