Harvard Referencing at York St John University

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Harvard Referencing at York St John University

• Guide to citing resources for CFAP students

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Referencing sources

• Why do we provide references?
• Acknowledge the work of other writers
• Avoid plagiarism
• Demonstrate breadth of reading
• Enable others to trace your sources and lead them
  onto further information

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Plagiarism

• What is it?
• A deliberate attempt to pass of the work of
  others as your own
• Includes copying sections of text without putting
  ideas into your own words
• Failing to acknowledge whom the information used
  was written by
• Consequences
• Could lead to a loss of marks or more serious
  action

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Why Harvard?

• Most commonly used system internationally
• Used by most academic institutions
• Ease of use for both author and reader no
  footnotes or chapter references

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Book

• Author(s), editor(s) (up to three with surname
  and initials only)
• Year of publication
• Title and subtitle (if any) - underlined , in
  bold , or in italics
• Series and individual volume number (if any)
• Edition if not the first, for example 2nd ed.
• Place of publication if known
• Publisher

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Some examples 1

• One author
• Vine, R. (2008) New China, new art. London,
  Prestel.
• Two authors
• Sturken, M. Cartwright, L. (2009) Practices of
  looking an introduction to visual culture. New
  York, Oxford University Press.
• Three authors
• Weintraub, L., Danto, A. McEvilley, T. (1996)
  Art on the edge and over searching for arts
  meaning in contemporary society 1970s-1990s.
  Litchfield, Art Insights.

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Some examples 2

• 4 authors or more
• Burton, J. et al (2007) Pop art contemporary
  perspectives. New Haven, Yale University Press..
• Editors
• Coutts, G. Jokela, T. eds (2008) Art community
  and environment educational perspectives.
  Bristol, Intellect.
• Series and editions
• Chadwick, W. (2007) Women, art and society. 4th
  ed. World of art. London, Thames Hudson.

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Chapter in book

• Author of chapter/section
• Year of publication
• Title of chapter/section
• The word In
• Author/editors of collected work (up to three)
• Title of collected work underlined, in bold,
  or in italics
• Place of publication
• Publisher
• Page numbers of section referred to

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Example

• Gille, W. (2001) Lives and loves. In Mundy, J.
  ed. Surrealism desire unbound. London, Tate,
  pp. 136-169.

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Journal article

• Author/s of the article (up to three, with
  surname and initials only)
• Year of publication
• Title of the article
• Title of the journal underlined, in bold, or in
  italics
• Volume and part number, month or season of the
  year
• Page numbers of article

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Examples

• Buxton, P. (2006) The art of showing off. Design
  week, 21 (7) February, pp. 14-15.
• Hunt, I. Green, M. (2004) The secret theory of
  drawing. Art monthly, 301, pp. 27-28.
• Caughy, C. et al (2006) Ceramic sculpture of Lars
  Westby. Ceramics art and perception, 65 (1)
  January, pp. 34-49.

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Visual information

• Visual information, photographs and reproductions
  of works of art
• In-text citation
• Nauman (1966) in Fineberg (1995, p.317)
• Full reference
• Nauman, Bruce (1966) Neon templates of the left
  half of my body, taken at ten inch intervals.
  Neon tubing on clear glass tubing frame, 1770.8 x
  220.9 x 150.2 mm. In Fineberg, J.(1995) Art
  since 1940 strategies of being, p. 317. London
  Laurence King.

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Online images visual information, photographs
and illustrations

• Include the following information, in the
  following order
• (1) Title of image, or a description
  underlined, in bold, or in italics and followed
  by a full stop
• (2) Year in brackets
• (3) The words Online image or Online video in
  square brackets
• (4) The words Available from followed by a
  colon
• (5) The Internet address in chevrons
• (6) Filename including extension followed by a
  comma
• (7) The word Accessed and the date you viewed the
  image in square brackets

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Example

• Bruce Nauman Human/Need/Desire (1983) Online
  image Available from http//www.oxfordartonline.c
  omAccessed 11 February 2009.

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Original artworks

• You should include the following information in
  this order
• Artist
• Year art work was produced in brackets
• Title of art work underlined, in bold, or in
  italics
• Material type in square brackets and followed
  by a full stopCommon material types are
• ceramic / drawing / etching / linocut /
  lithograph / painting / photograph /sculpture /
  woodcut
• The words Held at
• The location of the gallery, museum, etc.
  followed by a full stop
• Example
• Hepworth, B. (1953) Heiroglyph sculpture. Held
  at Leeds Civic Quarter Art Gallery

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Audiovisual materials

• Films, videos and DVDs
• You should include the following information, in
  this order
• Title underlined, in bold, or in italics and
  followed by a full stop
• Year (for films the preferred date is the year of
  release in the country of production) in
  brackets
• Directors name note that the directors name
  is not written surname first) followed by a
  full stop
• Place of production followed by a comma
• Production company name
• Medium and then format separated by a colon, in
  square brackets and followed by a full stop

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Examples

• Rachel Whiteread. (2005). TheEYE. London,
  Illuminations video DVD.(Note the series)
• Blast Theory (2005) Can you see me now? Brighton,
  Blast Theory video DVD.

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More examples

• Exhibition catalogues - where there is no author
  use the gallery or museum, e.g.
• Museum of Modern Art (1968) The machine. New
  York, MOMA.
• It is the custom to capitalise the names of art
  movements, e.g.
• Haskell, B. (1984) Blam! The explosion of Pop,
  Minimalism and Performance 1958-64. New York,
  Whitney Museum of American Art..

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Electronic journal article

• Author/editor
• Year in brackets
• Title of article
• Title of journal underlined, in bold, or in
  italics
• The word Internet in square brackets
• Date of publication
• Volume number
• Issue number
• Pagination or online equivalent
• The words Available from
• The Internet address in chevrons
• The word Accessed and date you viewed the web
  page in square brackets

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Example

• McCarthy, D. (2006) Andy Warhol's Silver Elvises
  meaning through context at the Ferus Gallery in
  1963. The art bulletin Internet, June, 88 (2),
  pp. 354-72. Available from lthttp//firstsearch.oc
  lc.org/FSIP?dbWilsonSelectPlus gt Accessed 5
  December 2006.

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Website

• Author/editor
• Year in brackets
• Title underlined, in bold, or in italics
• The word Internet in square brackets
• Version if available (for example, update 2 or
  version 4.1)
• Place of publication
• Publisher (if ascertainable)
• The words Available from
• The Internet address
• The word Accessed and the date you viewed the web
  page in square brackets

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Examples

• Whole web sites
• Institute of Contemporary Arts (2006) Institute
  of Contemporary Arts. Internet London,
  Institute of Contemporary Arts. Available from
• lt http//www.ica.org.uk/?lid1gt
• Accessed 6 December 2006.
• Document on a web site
• Arts Council England (2006) Aspire. Internet,
  London, Arts Council of England. Available from
  lthttp//www.artscouncil.org.uk/documents/publicat
  ions/phpizURVp.pdf gt
• Accessed 6 December 2006.

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Quotations and citations

• Quotations - direct copy of authors words
• Should always be placed in inverted commas and
  include details of the author, year and specific
  pages number/s from which youve taken the quote
• Hirsts interest in contemporary society is
  further reflected in collaborative pop music
  projects (Woods, 2001, p32)
• OR
• Woods, (2001, p32) highlights that Hirsts
  interest in contemporary society is further
  reflected in collaborative pop music projects

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Citations

• Citations - Use of something an author has said
  but put into your own words
• Should always include details of the author and
  the year, e.g.
• Woods (2002) identifies that Hirsts interest
  in modern society is demonstrated by his work
  with pop groups.

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Secondary referencing

• If you wish to quote an author quoted by another
  author. e.g you want to quote Robinson having
  read the quote in Smith
• Robinson (2003, cited in Smith 2005 p16)
  advocates the use of .
• In the reference list at the end of the
  assignment you only need a reference for Smith as
  you havent looked at the original source by
  Robinson
• Only original sources should be included in
  reference list

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Further help

• The York St John Harvard Guide to Referencing
• http//www.yorksj.ac.uk/library/guide/citing/index
  .aspx

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Further help 2

• If you would like further help with Harvard
  referencing, please ask for a one-to-one session
• l.alexander_at_yorksj.ac.uk